Department of Forensic Science, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India.
Department of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, Government Institute of Forensic Science Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jun;30(28):71970-71983. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22585-w. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
Bintaro is a tropical mangrove plant often used as a shade tree found in Asia, Australia, Madagascar, and the Islands of the Western Pacific Ocean. The word Bintaro is also often pinned to its closest relative species, the Cerbera odollam. Flower color is one of the distinguishing features between these two species. Human poisoning with the cardiotoxic plant Bintaro is common in Southeast Asia because it bears a fruit that yields a powerful poison that has been used for suicide and homicide, hence it is also called the "Indian suicide tree". The seeds of Bintaro contain Cerberin, a cardiac glycoside toxin of the heart that blocks the calcium ion channels in heart muscles, resulting in disruption of the heartbeat most often fatally. The bio-active compound in the kernels of Bintaro varies due to which plant possesses other properties as well. The plant may also be used for medicinal purposes as it shows many pharmaceutical properties. The seeds of the plant have auspicious anticancer properties through apoptotic activity and the leaf extract of the plant was screened for its antioxidant activities. In addition, it is also used as an insecticide, pesticide, or antifungal agent. This review highlights the Pharmaceutical, toxicological, and environmentally friendly approaches of Bintaro.
宾头娑罗是一种热带红树林植物，常被用作亚洲、澳大利亚、马达加斯加和西太平洋岛屿的遮荫树。宾头娑罗这个词也常被用来指代它的近亲物种——垂榕。花色是这两个物种的区别特征之一。由于宾头娑罗的果实含有一种强力毒药，被用于自杀和他杀，因此在东南亚地区，人类中毒的情况很常见，因此它也被称为“印度自杀树”。宾头娑罗的种子含有一种叫做 Cerberin 的心脏糖苷毒素，它会阻断心肌中的钙离子通道，导致心跳紊乱，通常是致命的。宾头娑罗果仁中的生物活性化合物因植物的不同而有所差异，因此也具有其他特性。该植物还可用于药用，因为它具有许多药物特性。植物的种子具有抗肿瘤特性，通过凋亡活性，而植物的叶提取物则具有抗氧化活性。此外，它还可用作杀虫剂、农药或抗真菌剂。本文综述了宾头娑罗的药物、毒理学和环保方法。
