Gearing Robin E, Brewer Kathryne B, Smith Limor, Carr L Christian, Roe David
Center for Mental Health Research and Innovation in Treatment Engagement and Service (MH-RITES Center), Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
Department of Social Work, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2023 Feb 1;211(2):131-140. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001578. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
Stigma is a multifaceted barrier for individuals living with mental illness, contributing to negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, and is underinvestigated in minority ethnic groups. This study examines the stigma within the US Jewish communities, specifically the following: a) differences in public stigma dimensions based on mental illness ( e.g. , major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, or alcohol use disorder) and sex; and b) whether participant characteristics influence the public stigma. A community-based sample of 317 self-identified Jewish individuals participated in an experimental randomized vignette survey on stigma and help-seeking beliefs toward various mental illness. Findings indicate differences in stigma based on stigmatized individuals' sex and diagnosis as well as participants' demographics. Schizophrenia and alcohol use disorder were stigmatized similarly, with lower stigma for depression and the least stigma toward anxiety. Of interest, younger males have the most treatability and professional efficacy stigma, and tailored stigma-reducing interventions are recommended.
耻辱感是患有精神疾病的个体面临的多方面障碍，会导致负面刻板印象、偏见和歧视，而在少数族裔群体中对此研究不足。本研究考察了美国犹太社区内的耻辱感，具体如下：a）基于精神疾病（如重度抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症或酒精使用障碍）和性别的公众耻辱感维度差异；b）参与者特征是否会影响公众耻辱感。一个由317名自我认定为犹太人的个体组成的社区样本参与了一项关于对各种精神疾病的耻辱感和求助信念的实验性随机 vignette 调查。研究结果表明，耻辱感因被污名化个体的性别和诊断以及参与者的人口统计学特征而异。精神分裂症和酒精使用障碍受到的污名化程度相似，抑郁症的耻辱感较低，焦虑症的耻辱感最低。有趣的是，年轻男性对可治疗性和专业疗效的耻辱感最强，建议采取针对性的减少耻辱感干预措施。
