J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2022 Sep;60(9):6-9. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20220809-04. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Pediatric anxiety disorders (PADs) occur in up to 20% of youth and can cause impairment across the lifespan. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) added unique pressures on those with PADs, as children and adolescents endured the longest pandemic restrictions, stymieing their ability to develop socially, emotionally, and cognitively. Although first-line treatment for PADs is psychotherapy, those with severe anxiety symptoms will require pharmacological interventions. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) medications are effective in treating PADs, yet only duloxetine (a SNRI) is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for children aged >7 years with generalized anxiety disorder. Treatment of children and adolescents with benzodiazepines for PADs presents unique challenges with potential paradoxical reactions. Caution must be observed as well due to risk for misuse related to long-term use of benzodiazepines with PADs. [(9), 6-9.].
儿科焦虑障碍（PADs）在多达 20%的青少年中发生，并可能在整个生命周期中造成损害。2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）给患有 PADs 的人带来了独特的压力，因为儿童和青少年经历了最长的大流行限制，阻碍了他们在社交、情感和认知方面的发展。尽管 PADs 的一线治疗是心理治疗，但那些有严重焦虑症状的患者将需要药物干预。选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和 5-羟色胺去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂（SNRI）药物在治疗 PADs 方面有效，但只有度洛西汀（一种 SNRI）被美国食品和药物管理局批准用于年龄>7 岁的广泛性焦虑障碍儿童。苯二氮䓬类药物治疗 PADs 的儿童和青少年存在独特的挑战，可能会出现矛盾反应。由于与长期使用苯二氮䓬类药物治疗 PADs 相关的滥用风险，必须谨慎观察。[(9)，6-9.]。
