Jena Ankita, Montoya Carlos A, Young Wayne, Mullaney Jane A, Roy Debashree, Dilger Ryan N, Giezenaar Caroline, McNabb Warren C, Roy Nicole C
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Aug 15;16:937845. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.937845. eCollection 2022.
While infant formula is usually bovine milk-based, interest in other ruminant milk-based formulas is growing. However, whether different ruminant milk treatments with varying nutrient compositions influence the infant's brain development remains unknown. The aim was to determine the effects of consuming bovine, caprine, or ovine milk on brain gene expression in the early postnatal period using a pig model of the human infant. Starting at postnatal day 7 or 8, pigs were exclusively fed bovine, ovine, or caprine milk for 15 days. The mRNA abundance of 77 genes in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum regions was measured at postnatal day 21 or 22 using NanoString. The expression level of two hippocampal and nine striatal genes was most affected by milk treatments, particularly ovine milk. These modulatory genes are involved in glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, adrenaline and neurotrophin signaling and the synaptic vesicle cycle. The expression level of genes involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling was associated with pigs' lactose intake. In contrast, milk treatments did not affect the mRNA abundance of the genes in the prefrontal cortex. This study provides the first evidence of the association of different ruminant milk treatments with brain gene expression related to cognitive function in the first 3 months of postnatal life.
虽然婴儿配方奶粉通常以牛奶为基础，但对其他反刍动物奶基配方奶粉的兴趣正在增加。然而，不同营养成分的反刍动物奶处理方式是否会影响婴儿大脑发育仍不清楚。本研究旨在利用人类婴儿的猪模型，确定食用牛奶、羊奶或山羊奶对出生后早期大脑基因表达的影响。从出生后第7天或第8天开始，仔猪分别用牛奶、羊奶或山羊奶单独喂养15天。在出生后第21天或第22天，使用NanoString技术测量前额叶皮质、海马体和纹状体区域77个基因的mRNA丰度。两种海马体基因和九种纹状体基因的表达水平受奶类处理影响最大，尤其是羊奶。这些调节基因参与谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、血清素、肾上腺素和神经营养因子信号传导以及突触小泡循环。参与γ-氨基丁酸信号传导的基因表达水平与仔猪乳糖摄入量有关。相比之下，奶类处理对前额叶皮质中基因的mRNA丰度没有影响。本研究首次证明了不同反刍动物奶处理方式与出生后前3个月与认知功能相关的大脑基因表达之间的关联。
