Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27262-3598, USA.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2022 Oct;66(20):e2200109. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202200109. Epub 2022 Sep 15.
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential in the diet and promote several vital cell responses which may have benefits for health and athletic performance, as well as disease prevention. While BCAA are well-known for their ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, their effects on cell energetics are also becoming well-documented, but these receive less attention. In this review, much of the current evidence demonstrating BCAA ability (as individual amino acids or as part of dietary mixtures) to alter regulators of cellular energetics with an emphasis on mitochondrial biogenesis and related signaling is highlighted. Several studies have shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that BCAA (either individual or as a mixture) may promote signaling associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis including the upregulation of master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), as well as numerous downstream targets and related function. However, sparse data in humans and the difficulty of controlling variables associated with feeding studies leave the physiological relevance of these findings unclear. Future well-controlled diet studies will be needed to assess if BCAA consumption is associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis and improved metabolic outcomes in healthy and/or diseased human populations.
支链氨基酸（BCAA）是饮食中必不可少的，能促进多种重要的细胞反应，这些反应可能对健康和运动表现以及疾病预防有益。虽然 BCAA 以其刺激肌肉蛋白质合成的能力而闻名，但它们对细胞能量学的影响也得到了充分的证明，但这些影响得到的关注较少。在这篇综述中，强调了目前大量的证据表明 BCAA（作为单个氨基酸或作为饮食混合物的一部分）能够改变细胞能量代谢的调节剂，重点是线粒体生物发生和相关信号转导。几项研究表明，无论是在体外还是体内，BCAA（单独或混合）都可能促进与增加线粒体生物发生相关的信号转导，包括上调线粒体生物发生的主要调节因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子 1-α（PGC-1α），以及许多下游靶标和相关功能。然而，人体中数据稀疏，以及与喂养研究相关的变量控制困难，使得这些发现的生理学相关性尚不清楚。未来需要进行精心控制的饮食研究，以评估 BCAA 的消耗是否与健康和/或患病人群中线粒体生物发生的增加和代谢结果的改善有关。
