Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN.
Neoreviews. 2022 Sep 1;23(9):e613-e624. doi: 10.1542/neo.23-9-e613.
Respiratory distress in the neonate is one of the most common reasons for referral to a tertiary NICU, accounting for more than 20% of admissions. (1) The cause of respiratory distress can range from parenchymal lung disease to anomalies of any portion of the neonatal airway including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, or bronchi. This review will focus on airway anomalies at or immediately below the level of the larynx. Although rare, those with such congenital or acquired laryngotracheal anomalies often require urgent evaluation and surgical intervention. This review describes 1) the pathophysiology associated with congenital and acquired laryngotracheal deformities in the neonate, 2) the clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of these anomalies, and 3) the current medical and surgical strategies available in the NICU and after discharge.
新生儿呼吸窘迫是转诊至三级新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）最常见的原因之一，占住院患儿的 20%以上。(1)呼吸窘迫的原因可以从实质肺疾病到新生儿气道的任何部位（包括鼻子、咽、喉、气管或支气管）的异常。本篇综述将重点关注喉以下的气道异常。尽管这些疾病较为罕见，但患有此类先天性或获得性喉气管畸形的患儿通常需要紧急评估和手术干预。本篇综述描述了 1) 与新生儿先天性和获得性喉气管畸形相关的病理生理学，2) 这些异常的临床表现和诊断评估，以及 3) 新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）内和出院后的现有医疗和手术策略。
