Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Nat Prod Res. 2023 Jun;37(12):2098-2112. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2116706. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Mammalian milk has numerous components that exhibit chemical and functional activities. They support human homeostasis. Immunoglobulins, peptides with antibacterial and antimicrobial activities, carbohydrates, lipids, and minor molecules have positive effects on health. Beyond the nutritional values of milk, milk-borne biologically active compounds such as proteins and other minor constituents exhibit essential physiological and biochemical functions. Human milk guarantees a healthy development and improves immunity. It is hypoallergenic. Sometimes, it is necessary to substitute this food with other milk for different reasons. Cow, sheep, goat, camel and donkey milk are natural alternatives. We evaluated the different compounds within donkey and camel milk analysing their biomolecular characteristics and potential benefits for human health. Camel and donkey milk bioactive products could be good candidates for controlling several diseases and excellent substitutes in the case of milk protein allergies in infants. However, more research should be conducted to further evaluate their nutraceutical potential.
哺乳动物的乳汁含有许多具有化学和功能活性的成分，支持人体的内环境稳定。免疫球蛋白、具有抗菌和抗微生物活性的肽、碳水化合物、脂类和小分子对健康有积极影响。除了牛奶的营养价值外，乳源性生物活性化合物如蛋白质和其他微量成分也具有重要的生理和生化功能。人乳保证了健康发育和提高免疫力，而且不易引起过敏。有时，由于各种原因需要用其他牛奶代替这种食物。牛奶、羊奶、山羊奶、骆驼奶和驴奶是天然替代品。我们评估了驴奶和驼奶中的不同化合物，分析了它们的生物分子特征及其对人类健康的潜在益处。驼奶和驴奶的生物活性产物可能是控制多种疾病的良好候选物，并且在婴儿对牛奶蛋白过敏的情况下是极好的替代品。然而，为了进一步评估它们的营养潜力，还需要进行更多的研究。
