Khadim Roaa M, Al-Fartusie Falah S
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Palestine Street, Baghdad, Iraq.
Clin Rheumatol. 2023 Jan;42(1):55-65. doi: 10.1007/s10067-022-06324-7. Epub 2022 Sep 1.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that destroys joints. The concentrations of elements (Zn, Cu, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cr, K, Na, Ca, Pb, and Cd), as well as antioxidant glutathione GSH and lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde MDA, will be determined in this study.
The study involves 120 female RA patients and 60 healthy females in the control group, all of whom are between the ages of 20 and 60. Patients having diabetes, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, or psoriasis, in addition to RA, were excluded.
When RA patients were compared to healthy individuals, the levels of Cu, Ni, Na, Pb, and Cd were significantly higher (p < 0.01), whereas the levels of Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, Ca, K, and Fe were significantly lower (p < 0.01). The Cu/Zn (2.21 and 1.16) and Na/k (38.67 and 34.87) ratios were also found to be significantly higher in RA patients compared to controls. Furthermore, the data indicated that GSH concentrations in RA patients were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those in controls (655.90 and 1345.17 mol/l, respectively). MDA levels in RA patients were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those in controls (2.739 and 1.673 mol/l, respectively).
The data indicate that Cu/Zn and Na/k ratios can be of great value in the diagnosis and evaluation of RA patients. On this basis, we conclude that these elements can be relied upon to provide indications of RA risk and the measurement of oxidative stress can serve as a biomarker to monitor disease activity and severity in RA patients. Key Points • Trace elements may be of value and may have an expected significance in the early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis. • The distortion in the levels of trace elements may reflect their possible role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. • Oxidative stress can act as a biomarker to monitor disease activity and severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. • The trace elements can contribute to the manifestation of inflammatory diseases due to their role in the synthesis of some antioxidants or due to their effect on the immune system.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种破坏关节的慢性自身免疫性炎症疾病。本研究将测定元素（锌、铜、镁、锰、铁、镍、铬、钾、钠、钙、铅和镉）的浓度，以及抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽（GSH）和脂质过氧化标志物丙二醛（MDA）的浓度。
本研究纳入120例女性RA患者和60例健康女性作为对照组，所有患者年龄均在20至60岁之间。除RA外，患有糖尿病、高血压、甲状腺功能亢进或银屑病的患者被排除。
与健康个体相比，RA患者体内铜、镍、钠、铅和镉的水平显著更高（p < 0.01），而锌、镁、锰、铬、钙、钾和铁的水平显著更低（p < 0.01）。还发现RA患者的铜/锌比值（分别为2.21和1.16）和钠/钾比值（分别为38.67和34.87）也显著高于对照组。此外，数据表明RA患者的GSH浓度显著低于对照组（分别为655.90和1345.17 μmol/l，p < 0.01）。RA患者的MDA水平显著高于对照组（分别为2.739和1.673 μmol/l，p < 0.01）。
数据表明铜/锌和钠/钾比值在RA患者诊断和评估中具有重要价值。在此基础上，我们得出结论，这些元素可用于提示RA风险，氧化应激的测定可作为监测RA患者疾病活动度和严重程度的生物标志物。要点 • 微量元素可能在类风湿性关节炎的早期诊断、预后及治疗评估中具有价值且具有预期意义。 • 微量元素水平的失衡可能反映其在类风湿性关节炎发病机制中的潜在作用。 • 氧化应激可作为监测类风湿性关节炎患者疾病活动度和严重程度的生物标志物。 • 微量元素可通过在某些抗氧化剂合成中的作用或对免疫系统的影响，促使炎症性疾病的发生。
