IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2022 Nov;28(11):3585-3595. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2022.3203096. Epub 2022 Oct 21.
Gaze-based interaction is a fast and ergonomic type of hands-free interaction that is often used with augmented and virtual reality when pointing at targets. Such interaction, however, can be cumbersome whenever user, tracking, or environmental factors cause eye tracking errors. Recent research has suggested that fallback modalities could be leveraged to ensure stable interaction irrespective of the current level of eye tracking error. This work thus presents Weighted Pointer interaction, a collection of error-aware pointing techniques that determine whether pointing should be performed by gaze, a fallback modality, or a combination of the two, depending on the level of eye tracking error that is present. These techniques enable users to accurately point at targets when eye tracking is accurate and inaccurate. A virtual reality target selection study demonstrated that Weighted Pointer techniques were more performant and preferred over techniques that required the use of manual modality switching.
基于注视的交互是一种快速且符合人体工程学的免手交互方式，常用于增强现实和虚拟现实中指向目标。然而，当用户、跟踪或环境因素导致眼动跟踪误差时，这种交互可能会很繁琐。最近的研究表明，可以利用备用模式来确保稳定的交互，而不受当前眼动跟踪误差水平的影响。因此，这项工作提出了 Weighted Pointer 交互，这是一组错误感知的指向技术，它根据当前存在的眼动跟踪误差水平来确定是应该通过注视、备用模式还是两者的组合来进行指向。这些技术使用户能够在眼动跟踪准确和不准确的情况下准确地指向目标。一项虚拟现实目标选择研究表明，Weighted Pointer 技术比需要手动模式切换的技术更具性能优势，也更受用户欢迎。
