Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India; Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
Toxicokinetics Laboratory/Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
Toxicon. 2022 Oct 30;218:25-39. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.016. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
Mycotoxins are the toxic chemical substances that are produced by various fungal species and some of these are harmful to humans. Mycotoxins are ubiquitous in nature and humans could be exposed to multiple mycotoxins simultaneously. Unfortunately, exposure to mixed mycotoxins is not very well studied. Various studies have demonstrated the capacity of mycotoxins to show synergistic effect in the presence of other mycotoxins, thus, increasing the risk of toxicity. Hence, it is important to monitor mixed mycotoxins in human biological samples which would serve as a crucial information for risk assessment. Through this review paper, we aim to summarize the mixture toxicity of mycotoxins and the various bio-analytical techniques that are being used for the simultaneous analysis of mixed mycotoxins in human biological samples. Different sample preparation and clean-up techniques employed till date for eliminating the interferences from human biological samples without affecting the analyses of the mycotoxins are also discussed. Further, a brief introduction of risk assessment strategies that have been or could be adopted for multiple mycotoxin risk assessments is also mentioned. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that focuses solely on the occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in human biological samples as well as their risk assessment strategies.
真菌毒素是由各种真菌物种产生的有毒化学物质，其中一些对人类有害。真菌毒素在自然界中无处不在，人类可能同时接触多种真菌毒素。不幸的是，混合真菌毒素暴露的研究并不充分。各种研究表明，真菌毒素在存在其他真菌毒素时具有协同作用的能力，从而增加了毒性的风险。因此，监测人类生物样本中的混合真菌毒素非常重要，这将为风险评估提供关键信息。通过这篇综述文章，我们旨在总结真菌毒素的混合毒性以及目前用于同时分析人类生物样本中混合真菌毒素的各种生物分析技术。还讨论了迄今为止用于消除人类生物样本干扰而不影响真菌毒素分析的不同样品制备和净化技术。此外，还简要介绍了已经或可能用于多种真菌毒素风险评估的风险评估策略。据我们所知，这是第一篇专门关注人类生物样本中多种真菌毒素及其风险评估策略的综述文章。
