Carroll Thomas L, Hart Joseph D
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. 20375, USA.
Chaos. 2022 Aug;32(8):083122. doi: 10.1063/5.0097850.
A reservoir computer is a type of dynamical system arranged to do computation. Typically, a reservoir computer is constructed by connecting a large number of nonlinear nodes in a network that includes recurrent connections. In order to achieve accurate results, the reservoir usually contains hundreds to thousands of nodes. This high dimensionality makes it difficult to analyze the reservoir computer using tools from the dynamical systems theory. Additionally, the need to create and connect large numbers of nonlinear nodes makes it difficult to design and build analog reservoir computers that can be faster and consume less power than digital reservoir computers. We demonstrate here that a reservoir computer may be divided into two parts: a small set of nonlinear nodes (the reservoir) and a separate set of time-shifted reservoir output signals. The time-shifted output signals serve to increase the rank and memory of the reservoir computer, and the set of nonlinear nodes may create an embedding of the input dynamical system. We use this time-shifting technique to obtain excellent performance from an opto-electronic delay-based reservoir computer with only a small number of virtual nodes. Because only a few nonlinear nodes are required, construction of a reservoir computer becomes much easier, and delay-based reservoir computers can operate at much higher speeds.
储层计算机是一种用于进行计算的动力系统。通常，储层计算机通过在包含递归连接的网络中连接大量非线性节点来构建。为了获得准确的结果，储层通常包含数百到数千个节点。这种高维度使得使用动力系统理论工具分析储层计算机变得困难。此外，创建和连接大量非线性节点的需求使得设计和构建比数字储层计算机更快且功耗更低的模拟储层计算机变得困难。我们在此证明，储层计算机可分为两部分：一小部分非线性节点（储层）和一组单独的经时移的储层输出信号。经时移的输出信号用于增加储层计算机的秩和记忆，并且该组非线性节点可以创建输入动力系统的嵌入。我们使用这种时移技术从仅具有少量虚拟节点的基于光电延迟的储层计算机中获得了优异的性能。由于只需要少数非线性节点，储层计算机 的构建变得容易得多，并且基于延迟的储层计算机可以以更高的速度运行。
