CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.
BTS CIRA, Saint-Genis-Laval, France.
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol. 2023 Jan;339(1):46-62. doi: 10.1002/jez.2651. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
Pest management using attractive and/or repellent semiochemicals is a key alternative to synthetic insecticides. Its implementation requires a good understanding of the intra- and interspecific chemical interactions of arthropod pests, their interactions with their abiotic environment, as well as their evolutionary dynamics. Although mites include many pest species and biocontrol agents of economic importance in agriculture, their chemical ecology is largely understudied compared to insects. We developed a high-throughput ethomics system to analyze these small arthropods and conducted a study on Dermanyssus gallinae, a problematic poultry parasite in the egg industry. Our purpose was to elucidate the role played by host-derived odorants (synthetic kairomone) and conspecific odorants (mite body odors) in D. gallinae. After validating our nanocomputer controlled olfactometric system with volatile semiochemicals of known biological activity, we characterized response traits to kairomonal and/or pheromonal volatile blends in mites from different populations. We were able to accurately characterize the repulsion or attraction behaviors in >1000 individual specimens in a standardized way. Our results confirm the presence of a volatile aggregation pheromone emitted by D. gallinae and bring new elements to the effect of odor source presentation. Our results also confirm the attractive effect on Dermanyssus gallinae of a blend of volatile compounds contained in hen odor, while highlighting a repellent effect at high concentration. Significant interindividual and interpopulation variation was noted particularly in responses to synthetic kairomone. This information lays a valuable foundation for further exploring the emergence risk of resistance to semiochemicals.
利用引诱剂和/或驱避剂等半化学物质进行害虫管理是替代合成杀虫剂的关键方法。实施这种方法需要充分了解节肢动物害虫的种内和种间化学相互作用、它们与非生物环境的相互作用以及它们的进化动态。虽然螨类包括许多在农业中具有经济重要性的害虫和生物防治剂，但与昆虫相比，它们的化学生态学在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。我们开发了一种高通量的行为生态学系统来分析这些小型节肢动物，并对鸡皮刺螨（一种在蛋产业中对家禽造成严重问题的寄生虫）进行了研究。我们的目的是阐明宿主来源的气味（合成信息素）和同种气味（螨体气味）在鸡皮刺螨中的作用。在用具有已知生物学活性的挥发性半化学物质验证了我们的纳米计算机控制嗅觉计系统后，我们对来自不同种群的螨虫对信息素和/或信息素挥发性混合物的反应特征进行了表征。我们能够以标准化的方式准确地描述>1000 个个体标本的排斥或吸引行为。我们的结果证实了鸡皮刺螨存在挥发性聚集信息素，并且为气味源呈现的效果提供了新的元素。我们的结果还证实了鸡气味中包含的挥发性化合物混合物对鸡皮刺螨具有吸引力，而在高浓度下则具有驱避作用。特别注意到个体间和种群间对合成信息素的反应存在显著差异。这些信息为进一步探索对半化学物质产生抗药性的风险提供了有价值的基础。
