Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2020 Jan;76(1):118-124. doi: 10.1002/ps.5562. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
The mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), is a vector of dengue fever, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, and in many areas possesses significant levels of resistance to pyrethroids. Behavioral performance was assessed in 15, 30, and 60 min exposures in a high throughput vapor phase spatial repellency assay to three contact repellent standards: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), ethyl 3-[acetyl(butyl)amino] propanoate (IR3535), and 2-undecanone, as well as pyrethrum extract, transfluthrin, and metofluthrin in susceptible (Orlando) and a pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti. Additionally, electroantennographic studies were used to investigate the antennal sensitivities to these compounds in both strains.
Resistance was found to all tested insect repellents in the Puerto Rico strain of Ae. aegypti. Resistance ratios at the different time points were about 2 for DEET, 3 for 2-undecanone, and 12 for IR3535. Resistance was also observed to pyrethrum extract (∼9-fold), transfluthrin (∼5-fold), and metofluthrin (∼48-fold) in repellent behavioral response. Electrophysiological analysis found decreased antennal sensitivity to all repellents tested, consistent with their behavioral effects.
The reduced sensitivity to these repellents may represent a fitness cost arising from the kdr mutation present in Puerto Rico Aedes aegypti. This work highlights the need for understanding collateral effects from the evolution of pesticide resistance in mosquitoes, and the importance of finding alternative strategies to control resistance development. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
埃及伊蚊（双翅目：库蚊科）是登革热、寨卡、基孔肯雅热和黄热病病毒的传播媒介，在许多地区对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂具有显著的抗药性。在高通量气相空间驱避活性测定中，评估了 15、30 和 60 分钟接触驱避标准物（N，N-二乙基-3-甲基苯甲酰胺（DEET）、乙基 3-[乙酰（丁基）氨基]丙酸盐（IR3535）和 2-十一酮）以及除虫菊酯提取物、顺式氯氰菊酯和四氟甲醚菊酯在敏感（奥兰多）和抗药性的波多黎各埃及伊蚊品系中的行为表现。此外，还用电触角记录法研究了这两种品系对这些化合物的触角敏感性。
在波多黎各埃及伊蚊品系中发现所有测试的昆虫驱避剂都有抗药性。在不同时间点的抗性比值约为 DEET 的 2 倍，2-十一酮的 3 倍，IR3535 的 12 倍。驱避行为反应中还观察到除虫菊酯提取物（约 9 倍）、顺式氯氰菊酯（约 5 倍）和四氟甲醚菊酯（约 48 倍）的抗药性。电生理分析发现，所有测试的驱避剂的触角敏感性都降低了，这与它们的行为效应一致。
这些驱避剂敏感性降低可能代表了波多黎各埃及伊蚊中 kdr 突变带来的适应度代价。这项工作强调了需要了解蚊子对杀虫剂抗药性进化的协同效应，以及寻找替代策略控制抗药性发展的重要性。© 2019 化学工业协会。
