Valdés-Stauber Juan, Böttinger Jakob, Kramer Sarah, Kämmerle Helen
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I, University of Ulm Germany, Zentrum Für Psychiatrie Südwürttemberg, Ravensburg, Germany.
Doctoral candidate, University of Ulm, Germany.
Psychol Health Med. 2023 Jul-Dec;28(7):1729-1740. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2120624. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
To compare the extent to which value-based life attitudes measured by means of the Life Attitude Profile (LAP-R) could differ between the general population and people suffering from mental disorders hospitalized in a psychosomatic ward. Cross-sectional comparative study between a sample of general population (n = 409) and a sample of unselected patients (n = 147) at admission in a psychosomatic ward. Comparisons were carried out by means of Cronbach's alpha, correlation matrix, t-tests, robust multivariate linear regression models (MLRM), and using propensity scores. The internal consistency of LAP-R is good (alpha = 0.90). Divergent validity with BFI dimensions is widely given. In MLRM general population scored higher for the indexes 'personal meaning' and 'existential transcendence', whereas psychosomatic patients for the dimensions 'responsibleness', 'death acceptance', 'goal seeking' and especially 'existential vacuum'. Sex, partnership and schooling display few associations. Neuroticism is negatively and agreeableness positively associated with life attitudes considered as protective. Norm values and differences were stratified by age ranges. This study demonstrates that basic human attitudes like personal transcendence, personal meaning, having a biographically supported mission in life, and belief in a reason for existence are so fundamental for individuals that they are to some degree given independently of having a mental disorder or not. Neuroticism is a risk trait and agreeableness a protective trait facing life attitudes. The findings of this study indicate that people suffering from mental disorders treated in a specialized psychosomatic unit in a general hospital have important value-based resources and simultaneously higher levels of existential vacuum that have to be considered in treatment planning but should also be embedded in a therapeutic alliance. The existential vacuum deserves special consideration in the treatment of patients, especially facing risk of suicide.
比较通过生活态度量表（LAP-R）测量的基于价值观的生活态度在普通人群与身心病房中住院的精神障碍患者之间的差异程度。对普通人群样本（n = 409）和身心病房入院时未经过筛选的患者样本（n = 147）进行横断面比较研究。通过克朗巴哈系数、相关矩阵、t检验、稳健多元线性回归模型（MLRM）以及使用倾向得分进行比较。LAP-R的内部一致性良好（α = 0.90）。与大五人格量表维度具有广泛的区分效度。在MLRM中，普通人群在“个人意义”和“存在性超越”指标上得分较高，而身心疾病患者在“责任感”、“死亡接纳”、“目标追求”尤其是“存在性空虚”维度上得分较高。性别、伴侣关系和受教育程度显示出较少的关联。神经质与被视为保护性的生活态度呈负相关，宜人性呈正相关。常模值和差异按年龄范围分层。本研究表明，诸如个人超越、个人意义、在生活中有传记式支持的使命以及对存在理由的信念等基本人类态度对个体来说是如此重要，以至于在某种程度上它们是独立于是否患有精神障碍而存在的。神经质是面对生活态度的风险特质，宜人性是保护特质。本研究结果表明，在综合医院的专门身心病房接受治疗的精神障碍患者拥有重要的基于价值观的资源，同时存在较高水平的存在性空虚，这在治疗计划中必须予以考虑，但也应融入治疗联盟。存在性空虚在患者治疗中值得特别关注，尤其是面对自杀风险时。
