Keefe R S, Mohs R C, Losonczy M F, Davidson M, Silverman J M, Kendler K S, Horvath T B, Nora R, Davis K L
Am J Psychiatry. 1987 Jul;144(7):889-95. doi: 10.1176/ajp.144.7.889.
The authors compared 21 "Kraepelinian" schizophrenic patients who had been ill and dependent on others for the past 5 years with 76 chronic schizophrenic patients in remission or with exacerbations requiring hospitalization. The Kraepelinian patients met the criteria for schizophrenia by more diagnostic systems than the exacerbated patients, were less responsive to haloperidol, had more severe negative symptoms, and had similarly severe positive symptoms. They had cerebral ventricles that were more asymmetrical and a greater family history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders than the other chronic patients. These data suggest that patients with 5 years of illness and complete dependency on others may represent a subgroup of schizophrenia.
