Velarde Myriam, Cárdenas Aland
Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Médico de Lenguaje y Aprendizaje, Lima, Perú. E-mail:
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos UNMSM, Lima, Perú.
Medicina (B Aires). 2022 Aug 30;82 Suppl 3:67-70.
The coexistence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) definitely poses new challenges, such as making an early diagnosis, considering that the former is usually diagnosed 2 years later in children with ADHD comorbid with autism compared to those with ASD alone; this is a problem at a personal, family and social level, since they must receive timely intervention. This coexistence raises questions about the efficacy of treatment in ADHD in people with autism, genetic, anatomical and functional concordances, among others; these are the challenges that are currently posed. In this review, we present some responses to the challenges posed by such coexistence, and we highlight some pending issues to be solved, being these of great importance for their better understanding and management. In all patients with ADHD or ASD, a coexistence between them should be sought. There are shared functional brain alterations in both disorders identified by functional brain magnetic resonance imaging; the treatment established for ADHD is also effective in this comorbidity.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的共存无疑带来了新的挑战，比如早期诊断，因为与单纯患有ASD的儿童相比，患有ADHD合并自闭症的儿童中，前者的诊断时间通常要晚两年；这在个人、家庭和社会层面都是个问题，因为他们必须得到及时干预。这种共存引发了关于自闭症患者ADHD治疗效果、基因、解剖学和功能一致性等方面的问题；这些都是当前面临的挑战。在本综述中，我们针对这种共存所带来的挑战给出了一些应对措施，并强调了一些有待解决的问题，这些问题对于更好地理解和管理它们至关重要。在所有患有ADHD或ASD的患者中，都应探寻二者的共存情况。通过功能性脑磁共振成像发现，这两种疾病存在共同的功能性脑改变；针对ADHD确立的治疗方法对这种共病情况也有效。
