Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Oct 1;244:114029. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114029. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
Cadmium (Cd) is ubiquitous in our environment and can easily bioaccumulate into the organism after passage through the respiratory and digestive tracts. Long-term exposure to Cd can result in the significant bioaccumulation in organism because of its long biological high-life (10-30 years), which exerts irreversible damages on the health of animals and humans. Although there are increased evidence of impeding the normal function of female reproduction resulted from Cd exposure, the mechanism of the negative action of Cd on the growth and development of ovarian follicle remains enigmatic. Thus, the purpose of the presented study is to summarize available literature which describing Cd-related toxicity involved in the adverse effects on the growth and development of the ovarian follicle. In conclusion, it is suggested that Cd causes damage to the folliculogenesis of mammalians, which results in the decline in the number and quality of ovulated oocytes and the failure in the fertilization. The mechanism behinds that may be linked to the interference to the production of reproductive hormones and the augment of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the enhanced ROS, in turn, impairs various molecules including proteins, lipids and DNA, as well as the balance of the antioxidant defense system, mitochondrial homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum, autophagy and epigenetic modification. This review is expected to elaborate the toxic mechanism of Cd exposure to the growth and development of ovarian follicles and provide essential remediation strategies to alleviate the damage of Cd to female reproductive health.
镉 (Cd) 在我们的环境中无处不在，通过呼吸道和消化道进入生物体后很容易生物累积。由于镉的生物半衰期长（10-30 年），长期暴露于镉会导致生物体中大量累积，从而对动物和人类的健康造成不可逆转的损害。尽管有越来越多的证据表明镉暴露会阻碍女性生殖功能的正常发挥，但镉对卵巢卵泡生长和发育的负向作用的机制仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在总结描述镉相关毒性的现有文献，这些文献描述了镉对卵巢卵泡生长和发育的不良影响。总之，研究表明镉会导致哺乳动物的卵泡发生受损，从而导致排卵卵母细胞数量和质量下降，受精失败。其背后的机制可能与生殖激素产生的干扰以及活性氧（ROS）的增加有关。此外，增加的 ROS 反过来又会损害包括蛋白质、脂质和 DNA 在内的各种分子，以及抗氧化防御系统、线粒体稳态、内质网、自噬和表观遗传修饰的平衡。本文综述了镉暴露对卵巢卵泡生长和发育的毒性作用机制，并提供了缓解镉对女性生殖健康损害的必要修复策略。
