Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, PO Box 21247, MPRC-Tawes Building, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2022 Sep;45(3):415-430. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.04.002. Epub 2022 Jul 31.
Kratom is the common term for Mitragyna speciosa and its products. Its major active compounds are mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. An estimated 2.1 million US residents used kratom in 2020, as a "legal high" and self-medication for pain, opioid withdrawal, and other conditions. Up to 20% of US kratom users report symptoms consistent with kratom use disorder. Kratom use is associated with medical toxicity and death. Causality is difficult to prove as almost all cases involve other psychoactive substances. Daily, high-dose use may result in kratom use disorder and opioid-like withdrawal on cessation of use. These are best treated with buprenorphine.
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kratom：中文名：咔特；别名：恰特草、巧茶；植物来源：卫矛科巧茶属植物；主要成分：帽柱木碱、7-羟基帽柱木碱、去甲伪 麻 黄碱、他克林、育亨宾、卡瓦胡椒素、可可碱、茶碱、绿原酸等；药理作用：兴奋作用、拟交感神经作用、抑制食欲作用、抑制单胺氧化酶作用、抗氧化作用、抗炎作用、抗焦虑作用等。
Mitragyna speciosa：中文名：卫矛科巧茶属植物；别名：恰特草、巧茶；植物来源：卫矛科巧茶属植物；主要成分：帽柱木碱、7-羟基帽柱木碱、去甲伪 麻 黄碱、他克林、育亨宾、卡瓦胡椒素、可可碱、茶碱、绿原酸等；药理作用：兴奋作用、拟交感神经作用、抑制食欲作用、抑制单胺氧化酶作用、抗氧化作用、抗炎作用、抗焦虑作用等。
7-hydroxymitragynine：中文名：7-羟基帽柱木碱；别名：7-羟基 恰特草碱；植物来源：卫矛科巧茶属植物；主要成分：帽柱木碱、7-羟基帽柱木碱、去甲伪 麻 黄碱、他克林、育亨宾、卡瓦胡椒素、可可碱、茶碱、绿原酸等；药理作用：兴奋作用、拟交感神经作用、抑制食欲作用、抑制单胺氧化酶作用、抗氧化作用、抗炎作用、抗焦虑作用等。
withdrawal：中文名：戒断反应；别名：脱瘾症状；表现症状：**焦虑、烦躁不安、易激惹、心慌、心跳加快、血压升高、呼吸急促、震颤、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、失眠、头痛、全身骨骼和肌肉疼痛、严重者甚至会出现血压降低、心律失常、癫痫发作、休克、昏迷等症状。
