Yuan Chaohai, Cai Yafei, Niu Zikang, Hu Lanxin, Kuang Ershuai, Zhang Wei
College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
J Anim Sci. 2022 Nov 1;100(11). doi: 10.1093/jas/skac290.
This study was conducted to systematically assess and compare the fluctuations in crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), and mineral content of staged (larva to adult) Drosophila (fruit fly) to that of a market-purchased black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) product. Results suggested that the relative CP content by dry matter ranged from 40.11% to 53.73% during Drosophila development, significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the 36.90% in BSFL. The relative CF was higher in BSFL (39.14%) compared to that of Drosophila (27.03-30.10%, P < 0.001). Although both insects contained sufficient levels of minerals to meet the dietary requirements of most animals, Drosophila overall possessed a lower content of iron, sodium, and calcium (P < 0.001) with a higher gross energy than the BSFL (P < 0.01). Comparative studies of amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) profiles were further carried out among Drosophila larva (DL), pupa, and BSFL for their economic effectiveness. The AA spectra of insect larvae generally were similar except that the DL was higher in certain AA such as lysine (P < 0.01), which is an essential AA often critical for chicken growth. In contrast, the BSFL included more essential FA such as linoleic (C18:2, ω-6) and linolenic (C18:3, ω-3) acids (P < 0.01). To follow up, a husbandry trial was performed by allotting 120, 1-d-old, weight-matched, Arbor Acres broilers at random into treatment groups consisting of a low-protein diet background that contained ~20% CP supplemented with 4% BSFL and 4% or 8% DL. The average daily growth (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers, compared to the control low-protein diet, were significantly improved by feeding DL diets (P < 0.01), with better live and carcass weight and higher muscle pH (P < 0.001), which were positively correlated with the inclusion level of DL (P < 0.001). However, no differences between the control and 4% BSFL diet were observed for the performance parameters mentioned above. Moreover, all birds under our experimental setting exhibited a comparable feed conversion ratio (FCR) and were in a healthy status as indicated by the meat traits and hematological indexes within normal physiological ranges. Collectively, the findings in this study provide a theoretical basis for the further exploitation of Drosophila as potential dietary ingredients for feed production in order to meet the food challenge in the future.
本研究旨在系统评估和比较果蝇（从幼虫到成虫阶段）的粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（CF）和矿物质含量的波动情况，并与市售黑水虻幼虫（BSFL）产品进行比较。结果表明，果蝇发育过程中干物质中的相对CP含量在40.11%至53.73%之间，显著高于BSFL中的36.90%（P < 0.001）。与果蝇（27.03 - 30.10%，P < 0.001）相比，BSFL中的相对CF更高（39.14%）。尽管两种昆虫都含有足够水平的矿物质以满足大多数动物的饮食需求，但果蝇总体上铁、钠和钙的含量较低（P < 0.001），且总能高于BSFL（P < 0.01）。为了评估其经济效益，进一步对果蝇幼虫（DL）、蛹和BSFL进行了氨基酸（AA）和脂肪酸（FA）谱的比较研究。昆虫幼虫的AA谱总体相似，只是DL中某些AA如赖氨酸含量较高（P < 0.01），赖氨酸是鸡生长中通常至关重要的必需氨基酸。相比之下，BSFL中含有更多的必需脂肪酸，如亚油酸（C18:2，ω - 6）和亚麻酸（C18:3，ω - 3）（P < 0.01）。后续进行了饲养试验，将120只1日龄、体重匹配的艾拔益加肉鸡随机分配到处理组，处理组采用低蛋白饮食背景，该饮食含有约20%的CP，并添加4%的BSFL和4%或8%的DL。与对照低蛋白饮食相比，饲喂DL日粮显著提高了肉鸡的平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）（P < 0.01），肉鸡的活重和胴体重更好，肌肉pH值更高（P < 0.001），且这些指标与DL的添加水平呈正相关（P < 0.001）。然而，在上述性能参数方面，对照和4% BSFL日粮之间未观察到差异。此外，在我们的实验设置下，所有鸡的饲料转化率（FCR）相当，并且根据肉品质性状和血液学指标在正常生理范围内这一情况表明它们处于健康状态。总体而言，本研究结果为进一步开发果蝇作为饲料生产中潜在的膳食成分以应对未来的食物挑战提供了理论依据。
