Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
Department of Computer Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
Int J Infect Dis. 2022 Oct;123:200-209. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.08.018. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
Staphylococcus aureus carriage increases the risk of infection. We used social network analysis to evaluate whether contacts have the same S. aureus genotype indicating direct transmission or whether contagiousness is an indirect effect of contacts sharing the same lifestyle or characteristics.
The Fit Futures 1 study collected data on social contact among 1038 high school students. S. aureus carriage was determined from two nasal swab cultures and the genotype was determined by spa-typing of positive throat swabs.
S. aureus carriage and spa-type were transmitted in the social network (P < 0.001). The probability of carriage increased by 5% for each S. aureus positive contact. Male sex was associated with a 15% lower risk of transmission compared to the female sex, although the carriage prevalence was higher for men (36% vs 24%). Students with medium physical activity levels, medium/high alcohol use, or normal weight had a higher number of contacts and an increased risk of transmission (P < 0.002).
We demonstrated the direct social transmission of S. aureus. Lifestyle factors are associated with the risk of transmission, suggesting the effects of indirect social groups on S. aureus carriage, such as friends having more similar environmental exposures. The male predominance in the carriage is determined by sex-specific predisposing host characteristics as the social transmission is less frequent in males than females. Information on social networks may add to a better understanding of S. aureus epidemiology.
金黄色葡萄球菌定植会增加感染风险。我们采用社交网络分析方法，评估接触者是否携带相同的金黄色葡萄球菌基因型（提示存在直接传播），还是接触者具有相同的生活方式或特征才具有传染性。
Fit Futures 1 研究收集了 1038 名高中生之间的社交接触数据。通过对两次鼻拭子培养物进行金黄色葡萄球菌定植检测，并对咽拭子阳性标本进行 spa 分型，确定金黄色葡萄球菌定植和基因型。
金黄色葡萄球菌定植和 spa 型在社交网络中传播（P＜0.001）。每增加一个金黄色葡萄球菌阳性接触者，定植的可能性增加 5%。与女性相比，男性传播的风险降低 15%，尽管男性的定植率更高（36%比 24%）。中等体力活动水平、中/高酒精使用或正常体重的学生接触者更多，传播风险增加（P＜0.002）。
我们证实了金黄色葡萄球菌的直接社交传播。生活方式因素与传播风险相关，这表明间接社交群体对金黄色葡萄球菌定植的影响，例如朋友之间具有更多相似的环境暴露。男性在金黄色葡萄球菌定植中占主导地位，是由宿主的性别特异性易感性决定的，因为男性的社交传播频率低于女性。社交网络信息可能有助于更好地了解金黄色葡萄球菌的流行病学。
