Chen Hong, Song Shuang, Cui Rui, Feng Yong-Wang, Ge Peng
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China.
National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025 Apr 5. doi: 10.1007/s10096-025-05111-x.
Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) represent a significant global health issue, especially affecting low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we explored the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with Staphylococcus aureus-related LRIs from 1990 to 2021, highlighting trends by age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).
Data were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Temporal trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) for S. aureus-related LRIs were analyzed based on the average annual percent change (AAPC), in terms of sex, 20-age groups, 21 regions, 204 countries, and 5 SDI quintiles.
In 2021, S. aureus-related LRIs contributed to 423,837 deaths (95% UI: 382,183-458,926), a 67.56% increase since 1990. In comparison, the global ASMR was 5.43 per 100,000 (95% UI: 4.89-5.90), and the ASDR was 156.80 per 100,000 (95% UI: 139.44-176.08), both exhibiting a declining trend compared to 1990. Rates were higher in low SDI regions, with Central Sub-Saharan Africa reporting the highest ASMR, while Eastern Europe had the lowest. Among the 204 countries analyzed, Zimbabwe recorded high ASMR and ASDR, at 24.84 (95% UI: 19.44-30.16) and 754.34 (95% UI: 591.05-923.06), respectively.
Although the global ASMR and ASDR decreased in 2021, the number of deaths from S. aureus-related LRIs significantly increased driven by the growing population and proportion of aged individuals. Additionally, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has made treatment more complex, particularly in low SDI regions, highlighting the urgent need for more targeted strategies, therapies, and vaccines.
下呼吸道感染（LRIs）是一个重大的全球健康问题，尤其对低收入和中等收入国家影响较大。在本研究中，我们探讨了1990年至2021年与金黄色葡萄球菌相关的下呼吸道感染的死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs），并按年龄、性别和社会人口指数（SDI）突出显示了其趋势。
数据来源于2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）数据库。基于平均年度百分比变化（AAPC），分析了金黄色葡萄球菌相关下呼吸道感染的年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）和伤残调整生命年率（ASDR）的时间趋势，涉及性别、20个年龄组、21个地区、204个国家和5个SDI五分位数。
2021年，金黄色葡萄球菌相关的下呼吸道感染导致423,837人死亡（95%不确定区间：382,183 - 458,926），自1990年以来增加了67.56%。相比之下，全球ASMR为每10万人5.43例（95%不确定区间：4.89 - 5.90），ASDR为每10万人156.80例（95%不确定区间：139.44 - 176.08），与1990年相比均呈下降趋势。低SDI地区的比率较高，撒哈拉以南非洲中部地区的ASMR最高，而东欧最低。在分析的204个国家中，津巴布韦的ASMR和ASDR较高，分别为24.84（95%不确定区间：19.44 - 30.16）和754.34（95%不确定区间：591.05 - 923.06）。
尽管2021年全球ASMR和ASDR有所下降，但由于人口增长和老年人口比例增加，金黄色葡萄球菌相关下呼吸道感染的死亡人数显著增加。此外，多重耐药菌株的出现使治疗更加复杂，特别是在低SDI地区，这凸显了迫切需要更有针对性的策略、治疗方法和疫苗。
