Department of General Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Department of General Surgery, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
J Surg Educ. 2022 Nov-Dec;79(6):e161-e165. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.07.004. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
Discuss the evolution of mentorship models in surgical training and how educating the surgical trainees with the concepts from "manage up" theory can empower them to maximize the benefits afforded by mentoring relationships.
"Manage up" theory is derived from the business world where the subordinate takes ownership of the mentoring relationship with their superior by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of both parties and applying that information in managing a productive relationship.
Surgery residency programs implement a variety of structured and unstructured mentorship programs to promote mentoring relationships and to encourage professional development. Mentees in successful mentoring relationships demonstrate characteristics and skills that residency programs can promote through formal training. Components of "manage up" theory can be applied by surgical trainees in approaching their mentors and in managing their mentor-mentee relationships.
The benefits gained from a successful mentoring relationship for both the mentor and the mentee depend on active roles played by both parties. Strong evidence supports the need for educating mentees through formal curricula to empower them to assume an active role in their mentoring relationships.
讨论外科培训中导师制模式的演变，以及如何用“向上管理”理论教育外科培训生，使他们能够最大限度地利用导师关系带来的好处。
“向上管理”理论源自商业领域，下属通过评估双方的优势和劣势，并将这些信息应用于管理富有成效的关系，从而对导师关系拥有所有权。
外科住院医师培训计划实施了各种结构化和非结构化的导师制计划，以促进导师关系并鼓励专业发展。在成功的导师关系中的学员表现出的特征和技能，住院医师培训计划可以通过正式培训来促进。“向上管理”理论的组成部分可以由外科培训生来接近他们的导师，并管理他们的导师-学员关系。
成功的导师关系对导师和学员双方都有好处，这取决于双方的积极作用。强有力的证据支持通过正规课程教育学员的必要性，使他们能够在自己的导师关系中发挥积极作用。
