School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Jiangsu Changhuan Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213002, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 20;853:158450. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158450. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
The temporal variation, sources, and health risks of elemental composition in fine particles (PM) were explored using online measurements of 19 elements with a time resolution of 1 h at an urban location in Changzhou, China, from December 10, 2020 to March 31, 2021. The mass concentration of PM was 50.1 ± 32.6 μg m, with a range of 3-218 μg m. The total concentration of 19 elements (2568 ± 1839 ng m) accounted for 5.1 % of PM mass concentration. S, Cl, Si, and Fe were the dominant elementary species, accounting for 90 % of total element mass concentrations during the whole campaign. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to identify the major emission sources of elements in PM. Seven factors, named secondary sulfate mixed with coal combustion, Cl-rich, traffic, iron and steel industry, soil dust, fireworks, and shipping, were identified. The major sources for elements were iron and steel industry, followed by soil dust and secondary sulfate mixed with coal combustion, explaining 32.0 %, 23.5 % and 16.7 % of the total source contribution, respectively. The total hazard index (HI) of elements was 3.01 for children and 1.18 for adults, much greater than the admissible level (HI = 1). The total carcinogenic risk (CR) in Changzhou was estimated to be 5.87 × 10, which was above the acceptable CR level (1 × 10). Among the calculated metal elements, Cr, Co and As have higher carcinogenic risk, and Co was found to trigger the highest noncarcinogenic risk to Children. Our results indicate that industrial emission is the dominant CR contributor, emphasizing the necessity for stringent regulation of industry sources. Overall, our study provides useful information for policymakers to reduce emissions and health risks from elements in the Yangtze River Delta region.
采用在线监测手段，于 2020 年 12 月 10 日至 2021 年 3 月 31 日在中国常州的一个城区，以 1 小时时间分辨率对 19 种元素进行实时测量，研究了细颗粒物（PM）中元素成分的时间变化、来源及其健康风险。PM 的质量浓度为 50.1±32.6μg/m，范围为 3-218μg/m。19 种元素的总浓度（2568±1839ng/m）占 PM 质量浓度的 5.1%。S、Cl、Si 和 Fe 是主要的元素物质，占整个研究期间总元素质量浓度的 90%。采用正定矩阵因子（PMF）模型对 PM 中元素的主要排放源进行识别。确定了 7 种因子，分别为混合硫酸盐与煤燃烧、富 Cl、交通、钢铁工业、土壤尘、烟花和航运。元素的主要来源是钢铁工业，其次是土壤尘和混合硫酸盐与煤燃烧，分别解释了总源贡献的 32.0%、23.5%和 16.7%。元素的总危害指数（HI）儿童为 3.01，成人 1.18，均远大于可接受水平（HI=1）。估算得出，常州的总致癌风险（CR）为 5.87×10，高于可接受的 CR 水平（1×10）。在所计算的金属元素中，Cr、Co 和 As 的致癌风险较高，Co 对儿童的非致癌风险最高。研究结果表明，工业排放是主要的 CR 贡献源，强调了对工业源进行严格监管的必要性。总体而言，本研究为长江三角洲地区的决策者提供了有价值的信息，以减少元素排放和健康风险。
