Urzua Fresno Camila, Sanchez Tijmes Felipe, Shaw Kirsten E, Huang Flora, Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh, Khullar Sharmila, Seidman Michael A, Hanneman Kate
Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network (UHN), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Medical Imaging, Clinica Santa Maria, 33179Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
Can Assoc Radiol J. 2023 Feb;74(1):147-159. doi: 10.1177/08465371221119713. Epub 2022 Sep 3.
Myocarditis is defined as a non-ischemic inflammatory disease of the myocardium. It remains a challenge to diagnose given non-specific symptoms and lack of specific blood biomarkers. Cardiac imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of myocarditis with unique strengths and limitations of different imaging modalities, including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. The purpose of this review is to discuss the strengths and limitations of various cardiac imaging techniques in the evaluation of myocarditis, review imaging findings in specific causes of myocarditis including COVID-19 and after vaccination, evaluate the role of imaging in differentiating myocarditis from potential mimics and differential considerations, identify current gaps in knowledge, and propose future directions.
心肌炎被定义为心肌的非缺血性炎症性疾病。鉴于其症状不具特异性且缺乏特异性血液生物标志物，诊断仍然具有挑战性。心脏成像在心肌炎评估中发挥着重要作用，不同成像方式具有独特的优势和局限性，包括心脏磁共振成像、超声心动图、心脏计算机断层扫描和正电子发射断层扫描。本综述的目的是讨论各种心脏成像技术在心肌炎评估中的优势和局限性，回顾心肌炎特定病因（包括COVID-19和疫苗接种后）的成像表现，评估成像在鉴别心肌炎与潜在模仿疾病及鉴别诊断方面的作用，识别当前知识空白，并提出未来方向。
