Shi Qiutong, Gao Zhipeng, Guo Huaming, Zeng Xianjiang, Sandanayake Sandun, Vithanage Meththika
MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 May;45(5):2611-2627. doi: 10.1007/s10653-022-01379-6. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has posed a serious threat to human health around the world. The link between the prevalence of CKDu and groundwater geochemistry is not well understood. To identify the potential geogenic risk factors, we collected 52 groundwater samples related to CKDu (CKDu groundwater) and 18 groundwater samples related to non-CKDu (non-CKDu groundwater) from the typical CKDu prevailing areas in Sri Lanka. Results demonstrated that CKDu groundwater had significantly higher Si (average 30.1 mg/L, p < 0.05) and F (average 0.80 mg/L, p < 0.05) concentrations than those of non-CKDu groundwater (average 21.0 and 0.45 mg/L, respectively), indicating that Si and F were the potential risk factors causing CKDu. The principal hydrogeochemical process controlling local groundwater chemistry was chemical weathering of silicates in Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Groundwater samples were mostly undersaturated with respect to amorphous silica and clay minerals such as talc and sepiolite, which was conducive to silicate weathering and elevated Si concentrations in groundwater. Decreased Ca being facilitated by calcite precipitation and cation exchange between Ca and Na favored fluorite dissolution and thus led to high groundwater F concentrations. Competitive adsorption between [Formula: see text] and F also enhanced the release of F from solid surfaces. This study highlights the CKDu potential risk factors regarding groundwater geochemistry and their enrichment factors, which helps in preventing the prevalence of CKDu.
病因不明的慢性肾脏病（CKDu）已对全球人类健康构成严重威胁。CKDu的患病率与地下水地球化学之间的联系尚未得到充分了解。为了确定潜在的地质成因风险因素，我们从斯里兰卡典型的CKDu流行地区收集了52个与CKDu相关的地下水样本（CKDu地下水）和18个与非CKDu相关的地下水样本（非CKDu地下水）。结果表明，CKDu地下水的硅（平均30.1毫克/升，p < 0.05）和氟（平均0.80毫克/升，p < 0.05）浓度显著高于非CKDu地下水（分别为平均21.0毫克/升和0.45毫克/升），表明硅和氟是导致CKDu的潜在风险因素。控制当地地下水化学的主要水文地球化学过程是前寒武纪变质岩中硅酸盐的化学风化作用。地下水样本大多对无定形二氧化硅和滑石、海泡石等粘土矿物不饱和，这有利于硅酸盐风化并提高地下水中的硅浓度。方解石沉淀促进钙的减少以及钙与钠之间的阳离子交换有利于萤石溶解，从而导致地下水中氟浓度升高。[公式：见原文]与氟之间的竞争吸附也增强了氟从固体表面的释放。本研究突出了与地下水地球化学及其富集因素相关的CKDu潜在风险因素，这有助于预防CKDu的流行。
