Alterations in crypt cell populations in the small intestine as an early toxic response to sub-acute ethanol administration.

Crypt cell production was examined in young male rats (Sprague-Dawley) given 1, 5 or 15% ethanol in their drinking water for up to 14 days. Ethanol 1 and 5% did not influence food and liquid consumption and growth was similar to that seen in control animals given tap water only to drink. Animals given 15% ethanol exhibited a significant reduction in food and liquid intake and showed a marked diminution in weight gain within 7 days. Ethanol consumption did not affect the length of the small bowel, but 5 and 15% concentrations inhibited cell production in the jejunum and in the distal aspect of the ileum. The relative position of the proliferative compartment, as assessed by the 50% total mitosis level, was unaltered as a result of the treatment. 1% Ethanol led to an increased mitotic rate in the jejunum after 14 days, treatment. Crypt cell production returned to normal in animals given 5% ethanol for 7 days and then a recovery period of 7 days. Mitotic inhibition resulting from ethanol ingestion is probably due to a direct effect (jejunum and proximal ileum) but systemic changes possibly contribute to changes seen in the distal ileum. The nutritional and toxicological implications of ethanol consumption are discussed.