Wijnands Anja P G, de Vries Irma, Verbruggen Tim, Carlier Maxim P, de Lange Dylan W, Rietjens Saskia J
Dutch Poisons Information Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2022 Sep 5;17(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12995-022-00360-4.
Hazardous substances at the workplace can cause a wide variety of occupational incidents. This study aimed to investigate the nature and circumstances of acute occupational intoxications reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center.
During a one-year prospective study, data on the circumstances and causes of the incident, the exposure(s) and clinical course, were collected by a telephone survey with victims of an acute occupational intoxication.
We interviewed 310 patients. Most incidents occurred in industry (25%), building and installation industry (14%) and agriculture (10%). Patients were often exposed via multiple routes. Inhalation was the most common route of exposure (62%), followed by ocular (40%) and dermal contact (33%). Acids and alkalis were often involved. Exposure often occurred during cleaning activities (33%). The main root causes of these accidents were: technical factors such as damaged packaging (24%) and defective apparatus (10%), organizational factors such as lack of work instructions (44%) and poor communication or planning (31%), and personal factors such as disregarding work instructions (13%), not (adequately) using personal protective equipment (12%) and personal circumstances (50%) such as inaccuracy, time pressure or fatigue. The majority of the patients only reported mild health effects and recovered quickly (77% within 1 week).
Poison Center data on occupational exposures provide an additional source of knowledge and an important basis for poisoning prevention strategies related to hazardous substances at the workplace. These data are useful in deciding which risk mitigation measures are most needed in preventing future workplace injuries.
工作场所的有害物质可引发各种各样的职业事故。本研究旨在调查向荷兰毒物信息中心报告的急性职业中毒的性质和情况。
在一项为期一年的前瞻性研究中，通过对急性职业中毒受害者进行电话调查，收集了有关事故情况和原因、接触情况及临床病程的数据。
我们采访了310名患者。大多数事故发生在工业（25%）、建筑安装业（14%）和农业（10%）。患者常通过多种途径接触有害物质。吸入是最常见的接触途径（62%），其次是眼部接触（40%）和皮肤接触（33%）。酸和碱经常涉及其中。接触有害物质的情况常在清洁活动期间发生（33%）。这些事故的主要根本原因包括：技术因素，如包装损坏（24%）和设备故障（10%）；组织因素，如缺乏工作说明（44%）和沟通或规划不善（31%）；以及个人因素，如无视工作说明（13%）、未（充分）使用个人防护设备（12%）和个人情况（50%），如粗心、时间压力或疲劳。大多数患者仅报告了轻微的健康影响，并很快康复（77%在1周内康复）。
毒物中心关于职业接触的数据提供了额外的知识来源，也是与工作场所有害物质相关的中毒预防策略的重要依据。这些数据有助于确定在预防未来工作场所伤害方面最需要哪些风险缓解措施。
