Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China.
Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China.
Cancer Gene Ther. 2023 Jan;30(1):74-84. doi: 10.1038/s41417-022-00517-7. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
TRAIP, as a 53 kDa E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is involved in various cellular processes and closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, few studies on the relationship between TRAIP and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) were reported. Bioinformatic analysis and Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed, and xenograft mouse models were established to explore the role of TRAIP in TNBC. This study showed that the expression of TRAIP protein was upregulated in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Silencing of TRAIP significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells, whereas opposite results were observed in the TRAIP overexpression. In addition, TRAIP regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through RB-E2F signaling and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT). MiR-590-3p directly targeted the TRAIP 3'-UTR, and its expression were lower in TNBC tissues. Its mimic significantly downregulated the expression of TRAIP and subsequently suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Rescue experiments indicated that TRAIP silencing reversed the promotion of miR-590-3p inhibitor on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TRAIP overexpression could also reverse the inhibition of miR-590-3p mimic on tumorigenesis. Finally, TRAIP knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in animal experiments. In conclusion, TRAIP is an oncogene that influences the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells through RB-E2F signaling and EMT. Therefore, TRAIP may be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
TRAIP 作为一种 53kDa 的 E3 泛素蛋白连接酶,参与多种细胞过程,与肿瘤的发生和发展密切相关。目前,关于 TRAIP 与三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)之间关系的研究较少。本研究通过生物信息学分析和 Western blot、免疫组化(IHC)、CCK-8、集落形成、流式细胞术、划痕愈合、Transwell 侵袭实验和双荧光素酶报告基因实验,建立了异种移植小鼠模型,探讨了 TRAIP 在 TNBC 中的作用。研究结果表明,TNBC 组织和细胞系中 TRAIP 蛋白表达上调。沉默 TRAIP 显著抑制了 TNBC 细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,而 TRAIP 过表达则观察到相反的结果。此外,TRAIP 通过 RB-E2F 信号通路和上皮间质转化(EMT)调节细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。miR-590-3p 可直接靶向 TRAIP 3'-UTR,其在 TNBC 组织中的表达较低。其模拟物可显著下调 TRAIP 的表达,进而抑制细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。挽救实验表明,沉默 TRAIP 可逆转 miR-590-3p 抑制剂对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的促进作用。TRAIP 过表达也可逆转 miR-590-3p 模拟物对肿瘤发生的抑制作用。最后,动物实验表明,沉默 TRAIP 可显著抑制肿瘤生长和转移。综上所述,TRAIP 是一种癌基因,通过 RB-E2F 信号通路和 EMT 影响 TNBC 细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。因此,TRAIP 可能是 TNBC 的潜在治疗靶点。