CHU de Bordeaux, laboratoire de pharmacologie et toxicologie, service de pharmacologie médicale, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Inserm, BPH, U1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
CHU de Bordeaux, centre d'addictovigilance de Bordeaux et Départements d'Outre-Mer, service de pharmacologie médicale, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
Therapie. 2023 May-Jun;78(3):235-240. doi: 10.1016/j.therap.2022.07.007. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
Over the last 10 years, the use of an unknown drug called "chimique" has emerged, among adolescents and young adults in precarious situations in Mayotte Island. To date, the exact composition of "chimique" is still poorly documented, but seizures made on the Island at the same time indicated that it would be mainly composed of synthetic cannabinoids receptor agonists (SCRAs). The objective of this study was to identify which substances, among those consumed under the name of "chimique", leading to hospital admissions.
Between 1 march and 30 June 2019, all patients, over 14 years old, hospitalized in the emergency department of Mayotte hospital after use of "chimique" for which the physician required toxicological analysis were included. Blood samples and clinical data were recorded for each patient. Toxicological analyses were performed using high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/QTOF).
Twelve patients were included: 11 males and 1 female. The mean age was 26 years (median age: 22). There were 2 minors. Clinical presentations varied, mainly psychiatric and neurologic disorders were observed. No death was reported. Toxicological analysis identified psychoactive substances such as THC and/or its metabolites (n=3) and MDMB-4en-PINCA (n=2). The other substances identified were mainly part of the patients' treatment.
This is the first study conducted in the Indian Ocean confirming the presence of SCRAs in the "chimique". For a while, the consumption of SCRAs in France seemed to be of limited importance. However, their use has become important in the Indian Ocean since the spread of "chimique" in Mayotte. It continues to spread especially in Reunion Island since 2017 under the name of "chamane".
在过去的 10 年中，一种名为“chimique”的未知药物在马约特岛处境危险的青少年和年轻成年人中出现。迄今为止，“chimique”的确切成分仍记录不详，但该岛同时进行的缉获行动表明，它主要由合成大麻素受体激动剂（SCRAs）组成。本研究的目的是确定在以“chimique”为名吸食的物质中，哪些物质会导致住院。
2019 年 3 月 1 日至 6 月 30 日期间，所有因使用“chimique”而在马约特岛医院急诊部住院且医生要求进行毒理学分析的 14 岁以上患者均纳入本研究。记录每位患者的血液样本和临床数据。毒理学分析采用高分辨率质谱（UPLC-MS/QTOF）进行。
共纳入 12 名患者：男性 11 名，女性 1 名。平均年龄 26 岁（中位年龄：22 岁）。有 2 名未成年人。临床表现多样，主要为精神和神经障碍。无死亡报告。毒理学分析鉴定出精神活性物质，如 THC 和/或其代谢物（n=3）和 MDMB-4en-PINCA（n=2）。其他鉴定出的物质主要是患者治疗的一部分。
这是首次在印度洋进行的研究，证实了“chimique”中存在 SCRAs。一段时间以来，法国 SCRAs 的使用似乎并不重要。然而，自“chimique”在马约特岛传播以来，它们在印度洋的使用变得很重要。自 2017 年以来，尤其是在留尼汪岛，以“chamane”为名继续传播。
