Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.
Neuroplasticity and Movement Control Research Group, Rehabilitation Research Institute (REVAL), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
Rev Neurosci. 2022 Sep 6;34(2):129-221. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0020. Print 2023 Feb 23.
Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (ds-TMS) is well suited to investigate the causal effect of distant brain regions on the primary motor cortex, both at rest and during motor performance and learning. However, given the broad set of stimulation parameters, clarity about which parameters are most effective for identifying particular interactions is lacking. Here, evidence describing inter- and intra-hemispheric interactions during rest and in the context of motor tasks is reviewed. Our aims are threefold: (1) provide a detailed overview of ds-TMS literature regarding inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity; (2) describe the applicability and contributions of these interactions to motor control, and; (3) discuss the practical implications and future directions. Of the 3659 studies screened, 109 were included and discussed. Overall, there is remarkable variability in the experimental context for assessing ds-TMS interactions, as well as in the use and reporting of stimulation parameters, hindering a quantitative comparison of results across studies. Further studies examining ds-TMS interactions in a systematic manner, and in which all critical parameters are carefully reported, are needed.
双部位经颅磁刺激（ds-TMS）非常适合研究大脑远距离区域对初级运动皮层的因果影响，无论是在休息时还是在运动表现和学习期间。然而，鉴于广泛的刺激参数集，缺乏关于哪些参数最有效地识别特定相互作用的明确信息。在这里，回顾了在休息期间和在运动任务背景下描述的半球间和半球内相互作用的证据。我们的目标有三个：（1）提供关于半球间和半球内连接的 ds-TMS 文献的详细概述；（2）描述这些相互作用对运动控制的适用性和贡献；（3）讨论实际意义和未来方向。在筛选的 3659 项研究中，有 109 项被包括并讨论。总体而言，评估 ds-TMS 相互作用的实验背景以及刺激参数的使用和报告存在显著的可变性，这阻碍了对跨研究结果的定量比较。需要进一步以系统的方式研究 ds-TMS 相互作用，并且仔细报告所有关键参数。
