Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), Department of Elite Sports, Magglingen, Switzerland.
University of Fribourg, Department of Medicine, Movement and Sport Science, Fribourg, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2019 Mar 7;14(3):e0213310. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213310. eCollection 2019.
On vault in artistic gymnastics, a high run-up speed is thought to be important when performing difficult vaults. To test this assumption in a large cohort of elite athletes, we calculated the correlations between the run-up speed, scores, height and length of flight for handspring-, Tsukahara- and Yurchenko-style vaults and compared the performances of male and female elite and junior athletes (n = 407) during the 2016 European Championships. In females, run-up speed correlated significantly with the difficulty (D-) score and height of flight for all vaulting styles (r ≤ 0.80). In males, run-up speed correlated significantly with the D-score, height and length of flight of Tsukahara (r ≤ 0.69) and Yurchenko vaults only (r ≤ 0.65). Males reached 8-9% higher run-up speeds performing handspring and Tsukahara vaults than did females, but similar run-up speeds performing Yurchenko vaults. Elite females achieved higher run-up speeds than junior females performing Yurchenko vaults. Elite males displayed higher run-up speeds than junior males performing handspring and Tsukahara vaults. We conclude that, in females, more difficult vaults require higher run-up speeds than vaults with lower D-scores and thus, within the measured range of speeds, the faster the run-up, the better, regardless of vaulting style. Males, on the other hand, may not need to exhaust their sprinting capacity, even for the most difficult vaults. Finally, the knowledge of the required run-up speed for each vault helps coaches to estimate each athlete's potential and/or to focus the training on developing the required physical qualities.
在艺术体操中，人们普遍认为在完成高难度跳跃时，较高的助跑速度是很重要的。为了在大量精英运动员中验证这一假设，我们计算了手翻跟头、冢原和尤尔琴科跳跃的助跑速度、得分、腾空高度和腾空距离之间的相关性，并比较了 2016 年欧洲锦标赛中男女精英和青少年运动员（n = 407）的表现。在女性中，助跑速度与所有跳跃风格的难度（D-）得分和腾空高度都显著相关（r ≤ 0.80）。在男性中，助跑速度仅与冢原（r ≤ 0.69）和尤尔琴科跳跃的 D 得分、腾空高度和腾空距离显著相关（r ≤ 0.65）。男性在完成手翻跟头和冢原跳跃时的助跑速度比女性高 8-9%，但在完成尤尔琴科跳跃时的助跑速度却相似。精英女性在完成尤尔琴科跳跃时的助跑速度比青少年女性高。精英男性在完成手翻跟头和冢原跳跃时的助跑速度比青少年男性高。我们得出的结论是，在女性中，难度较高的跳跃需要更高的助跑速度，而难度较低的跳跃则需要较低的 D 得分，因此，在测量的速度范围内，助跑速度越快越好，而与跳跃风格无关。另一方面，男性可能不需要耗尽他们的冲刺能力，即使是最难的跳跃。最后，了解每种跳跃所需的助跑速度有助于教练估计每个运动员的潜力，或集中精力培养所需的身体素质。
