Mitotic Index Analysis.

Cellular division is a fundamental process of cellular growth. First, cells replicate their DNA in S phase and then undergo mitosis which, under normal conditions, leads to complete cell division. Moreover, mitotic activity correlates to cellular growth activity. The simplest and classical method to measure mitotic activity (mitotic index (MI)), is the manual counting of mitotic cells among a given cell population of interest. The latter can be accomplished via phase contrast microscope observation. However, Giemsa staining may improve accuracy and consistency. Fluorescence immunostaining targeting specific phosphorylations of proteins at critical cell cycle steps will provide further improved analysis via high-throughput capacity of flow or imaging cytometer. Finally, time lapse image analysis provides quantitative and qualitative metrics delineating the process of cellular division including timing of division, duration of mitosis, and failure to procced through or complete mitosis.