Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.
PLoS Biol. 2022 Sep 6;20(9):e3001711. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001711. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Sensory responses and behavior are strongly shaped by stimulus history. For example, perceptual reports are sometimes biased toward previously viewed stimuli (serial dependence). While behavioral studies have pointed to both perceptual and postperceptual origins of this phenomenon, neural data that could elucidate where these biases emerge is limited. We recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses while human participants (male and female) performed a delayed orientation discrimination task. While behavioral reports were attracted to the previous stimulus, response patterns in visual cortex were repelled. We reconciled these opposing neural and behavioral biases using a model where both sensory encoding and readout are shaped by stimulus history. First, neural adaptation reduces redundancy at encoding and leads to the repulsive biases that we observed in visual cortex. Second, our modeling work suggest that serial dependence is induced by readout mechanisms that account for adaptation in visual cortex. According to this account, the visual system can simultaneously improve efficiency via adaptation while still optimizing behavior based on the temporal structure of natural stimuli.
感觉反应和行为受到刺激历史的强烈影响。例如，感知报告有时会偏向于先前看到的刺激（序列依赖）。虽然行为研究已经指出了这种现象的感知和感知后起源，但能够阐明这些偏差出现位置的神经数据是有限的。我们在人类参与者（男性和女性）进行延迟方向辨别任务时记录了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）反应。虽然行为报告倾向于先前的刺激，但视觉皮层中的反应模式却被排斥。我们使用一个模型来协调这些相反的神经和行为偏差，该模型认为感官编码和读出都受到刺激历史的影响。首先，神经适应减少了编码时的冗余，并导致了我们在视觉皮层中观察到的排斥性偏差。其次，我们的建模工作表明，序列依赖是由解释视觉皮层适应的读出机制引起的。根据这个说法，视觉系统可以通过适应同时提高效率，同时仍然根据自然刺激的时间结构优化行为。
