夜间吃花生与低脂肪、高碳水化合物的等热量零食相比，可增加空腹血糖升高成年人中产丁酸细菌：一项随机交叉试验。
Peanuts as a nighttime snack enrich butyrate-producing bacteria compared to an isocaloric lower-fat higher-carbohydrate snack in adults with elevated fasting glucose: A randomized crossover trial.
机构信息
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA, USA; Wright Labs, LLC, Huntingdon, PA, USA.
出版信息
Clin Nutr. 2022 Oct;41(10):2169-2177. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.004. Epub 2022 Aug 13.
BACKGROUND
Tree nuts have glucoregulatory effects and influence gut microbiota composition. The effect of peanuts on the microbiota has not been investigated.
OBJECTIVES
The aim was to examine the effect of 28 g/d of peanuts for 6-wks, compared to an isocaloric lower-fat higher-carbohydrate (LFHC) snack, on gut microbiota composition. A secondary aim was to identify functional and active compositional differences in a subset of participants using metatranscriptomics.
METHODS
In a randomized, crossover trial, 50 adults (48% female; 42 ± 15 y; BMI 28.3 ± 5.6 kg/m; plasma glucose 100 ± 8 mg/dL) consumed 28 g/d of dry roasted, unsalted, peanuts (164 kcal; 11% E carbohydrate, 17% E protein, 73% E fat, and 2.4 g fiber) or a LFHC snack (164 kcal; 53% E carbohydrate, 17% E protein, 33% E fat, and 3 g fiber) for 6-wk (4-wk washout period). Gut bacterial composition was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing in the whole cohort. Exploratory metatranscriptomic analyses were conducted on a random subset (n = 24) of samples from the Peanut condition.
RESULTS
No between-condition differences in α- or β- diversity were observed. Following peanut intake, Ruminococcaceae were significantly more abundant [Linear discriminant analysis score (LDA) = 2.8; P = 0.027)] compared to LFHC. Metatranscriptomics showed increased expression of the K03518 (aerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase small subunit) gene following peanut intake (LDA = 2.0; P = 0.004) and Roseburia intestinalis L1-82 was identified as a contributor to the increased expression.
CONCLUSION
An increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae was observed following consumption of 28 g/d of peanuts in adults with elevated fasting glucose after 6-wks. Metatranscriptomics revealed increased expression of the K03518 gene. These results suggest peanut intake enriches a known butyrate producer and the increased expression of a gene implicated in butyrate production adds further support for peanut-induced gut microbiome modulation. NCT: 03654651.
背景
坚果具有调节血糖和影响肠道微生物组成的作用。目前尚未研究过花生对肠道微生物的影响。
目的
本研究旨在比较每日食用 28 克花生与食用等热量、低脂肪和高碳水化合物（LFHC）零食 6 周对肠道微生物组成的影响。次要目的是通过宏转录组学鉴定部分参与者的功能和活性组成差异。
方法
在一项随机、交叉试验中，50 名成年人（48%为女性；42±15 岁；BMI 28.3±5.6kg/m；空腹血糖 100±8mg/dL）分别食用每日 28 克干烤、无盐花生（164 千卡；碳水化合物占 11%，蛋白质占 17%，脂肪占 73%，膳食纤维 2.4 克）或 LFHC 零食（164 千卡；碳水化合物占 53%，蛋白质占 17%，脂肪占 33%，膳食纤维 3 克）6 周（4 周洗脱期）。在整个队列中使用 16S rRNA 测序测量肠道细菌组成。对花生组的随机亚组（n=24）样本进行探索性宏转录组学分析。
结果
未观察到两种处理条件之间 α 或 β 多样性的差异。与 LFHC 相比，食用花生后，Ruminococcaceae 的丰度显著增加[线性判别分析得分（LDA）=2.8；P=0.027)]。宏转录组学显示，食用花生后，K03518（好氧一氧化碳脱氢酶小亚基）基因的表达增加（LDA=2.0；P=0.004），并且鉴定出 Roseburia intestinalis L1-82 是增加表达的贡献者。
结论
在空腹血糖升高的成年人中，每日食用 28 克花生 6 周后，肠道中 Ruminococcaceae 的丰度增加。宏转录组学显示，K03518 基因的表达增加。这些结果表明，花生的摄入增加了一种已知的丁酸产生菌的丰度，而与丁酸产生相关的基因表达增加进一步支持了花生对肠道微生物群的调节作用。NCT 03654651。
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