Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
J Nutr. 2022 Jan 11;152(1):153-162. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab347.
The glycemic effects of peanuts are not well studied and no trials have been conducted in adults with elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Furthermore, intake of peanuts as a nighttime snack, an eating occasion affecting FPG, has not been examined.
The aim was to determine the effect of consuming 28 g/d of peanuts as a nighttime snack for 6 wk on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk factors, compared with an isocaloric lower fat, higher carbohydrate (LFHC) snack (whole grain crackers and low-fat cheese), in adults with elevated FPG.
In a randomized crossover trial, 50 adults (FPG 100 ± 8 mg/dL) consumed dry roasted, unsalted peanuts [164 kcal; 11% energy (E) carbohydrate, 17% E protein, and 73% E fat] or a LFHC snack (164 kcal; 54% E carbohydrate, 17% E protein, and 33% E fat) in the evening (after dinner and before bedtime) for 6 wk with a 4-wk washout period. Primary (FPG) and secondary end points [Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), weight, insulin, fructosamine, lipids/lipoproteins, central and peripheral blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity] were evaluated at the beginning and end of each condition. Linear mixed models were used for data analysis.
FPG was not different between the peanut and LFHC conditions (end point mean difference: -0.6 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.7, 1.6; P = 0.67). There were no between-condition effects for secondary cardiometabolic endpoints. The HEI-2015 score was not different between the conditions (3.6 points; P = 0.19), although the seafood/plant protein (2.0 points; P < 0.01) and added sugar (0.8 points; P = 0.04) components were improved following peanut intake. The whole grain component was lower with peanuts compared with LFHC (-2.6 points; P < 0.01).
In adults with elevated FPG, peanuts as a nighttime snack (28 g/d) did not affect FPG compared with an isocaloric LFHC snack after 6 wk.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03654651.
花生的血糖效应尚未得到充分研究，也没有针对空腹血糖升高（FPG）的成年人进行试验。此外，作为夜间零食的花生摄入量——影响 FPG 的进食场合——尚未被检测。
本研究旨在确定与等热量、低脂肪、高碳水化合物（LFHC）零食（全麦饼干和低脂奶酪）相比，6 周内每晚食用 28 克花生作为夜间零食对血糖控制和心血管疾病风险因素的影响，对象为空腹血糖升高的成年人。
在一项随机交叉试验中，50 名成年人（FPG 100±8mg/dL）在晚餐后和睡前（夜间）每晚食用干烤、无盐花生（164 千卡；11%能量（E）碳水化合物、17% E 蛋白质和 73% E 脂肪）或 LFHC 零食（164 千卡；54% E 碳水化合物、17% E 蛋白质和 33% E 脂肪），持续 6 周，期间有 4 周洗脱期。在每个条件的开始和结束时评估主要（FPG）和次要终点[健康饮食指数-2015（HEI-2015）、体重、胰岛素、果糖胺、脂质/脂蛋白、中心和外周血压以及脉搏波速度]。使用线性混合模型进行数据分析。
花生和 LFHC 条件之间的 FPG 无差异（终点平均差异：-0.6mg/dL；95%CI：-2.7，1.6；P=0.67）。次要心血管代谢终点无条件间效应。条件之间的 HEI-2015 评分无差异（3.6 分；P=0.19），尽管摄入花生后海鲜/植物蛋白（2.0 分；P<0.01）和添加糖（0.8 分；P=0.04）成分得到改善。与 LFHC 相比，花生的全谷物成分较低（-2.6 分；P<0.01）。
在空腹血糖升高的成年人中，与等热量 LFHC 零食相比，6 周内每晚食用 28 克花生作为夜间零食对 FPG 没有影响。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册，编号为 NCT03654651。
