Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia.
Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Oct;141:104846. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104846. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Meditation trains the mind to focus attention towards an object or experience. Among different meditation techniques, focused attention meditation is considered foundational for more advanced practices. Despite renewed interest in its functional neural correlates, there is no unified neurocognitive model of focused attention meditation developed via quantitative synthesis of contemporary literature. Hence, we performed a quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis of all functional MRI studies examining focussed attention meditation. Following PRISMA guidelines, 28 studies were included in this review, of which 10 studies (200 participants) were amenable to activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. We found that regions comprising three key functional brain networks i.e., Default-mode, Salience, and Executive Control, were consistently implicated in focused attention meditation. Furthermore, meditation expertise, mindfulness levels and attentional skills were found to significantly influence the magnitude, but not regional extent, of activation and functional connectivity in these networks. Aggregating all evidence, we present a unified neurocognitive brain-network model of focused attention meditation.
冥想训练大脑将注意力集中在某个对象或体验上。在不同的冥想技巧中，专注冥想被认为是更高级实践的基础。尽管人们对其功能神经相关性重新产生了兴趣，但通过对当代文献的定量综合，尚未开发出针对专注冥想的统一神经认知模型。因此，我们对所有检查专注冥想的功能磁共振成像研究进行了定量系统评价和荟萃分析。根据 PRISMA 指南，本综述纳入了 28 项研究，其中 10 项研究（200 名参与者）可进行激活似然估计荟萃分析。我们发现，包括默认模式、突显和执行控制在内的三个关键功能脑网络的区域在专注冥想中始终存在牵连。此外，冥想专业知识、正念水平和注意力技能被发现显著影响这些网络中激活和功能连接的幅度，但不影响区域范围。综合所有证据，我们提出了一个专注冥想的统一神经认知脑网络模型。
