Expanded Program of Immunization, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; INSERM U-1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) - U1018 INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France.
Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Vaccine. 2022 Sep 29;40(41):5933-5941. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.041. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
Since August 2009, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has implemented sentinel site surveillance for rotavirus gastroenteritis. Limited hospital studies have been carried out, in DRC, describing the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea before rotavirus vaccine introduction in October 2019. This analysis describes the epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis and characteristics of circulating viral strains from 2009 to 2019.
We analyzed demographic and clinic data collected from children < 5 years old enrolled at three rotavirus sentinel surveillance sites in DRC during 2009-2019, prior to rotavirus vaccine introduction in 2019. Data have been described and presented as mean ± standard deviation for quantitative variables with normal distribution, or as median with an interquartile range [Q1-Q3] for quantitative variables with non-normal distribution, or as absolute value with percentage for qualitative variables.
Between August 2009 and December 2019, 4,928 children < 5 years old were admitted to sentinel surveillance sites for gastroenteritis in the DRC; the rotavirus positivity rate was 60 %. There was a slight male gender predominance (56 %), and the majority of children (79 %) were 0-11 months of age. Every year, the incidence was highest between May and September corresponding to the dry and cool season. Genotyping was performed for 50 % of confirmed rotavirus cases. The most common G genotypes were G1 (39 %) and G2 (24 %) and most common P genotypes were P[6] (49 %) and P[8] (37 %). The most common G-P genotype combinations were G1P[8] (22 %), G2P[6] (16 %) and G1P[6] (14 %). Genotype distribution varied by site, age group, and year.
From 2009 to 2019, rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis represented a significant burden among DRC children under 5 who were admitted to sentinel sites. G1P[8] was the most commonly identified genotype. Continued monitoring after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine will be essential to monitor any changes in epidemiology.
自 2009 年 8 月以来，刚果民主共和国（DRC）一直在实施轮状病毒肠胃炎的哨点监测。在 2019 年 10 月轮状病毒疫苗推出之前，DRC 进行了一些有限的医院研究，描述了轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学。本分析描述了 2009 年至 2019 年轮状病毒肠胃炎的流行病学和循环病毒株的特征。
我们分析了 2009 年至 2019 年期间在 DRC 的三个轮状病毒哨点监测点登记的 <5 岁儿童的人口统计学和临床数据，这些数据是在 2019 年轮状病毒疫苗推出之前收集的。数据以定量变量的正态分布的平均值 ±标准差表示，或以非正态分布的定量变量的中位数表示，四分位距 [Q1-Q3]，或以定性变量的绝对值表示，百分比。
2009 年 8 月至 2019 年 12 月期间，刚果民主共和国的 4928 名 <5 岁儿童因肠胃炎入住哨点监测点；轮状病毒阳性率为 60%。存在轻微的男性优势（56%），大多数儿童（79%）为 0-11 个月龄。每年，发病率最高的是 5 月至 9 月，对应于干凉季节。对 50%的确诊轮状病毒病例进行了基因分型。最常见的 G 基因型是 G1（39%）和 G2（24%），最常见的 P 基因型是 P[6]（49%）和 P[8]（37%）。最常见的 G-P 基因型组合是 G1P[8]（22%）、G2P[6]（16%）和 G1P[6]（14%）。基因型分布因地点、年龄组和年份而异。
2009 年至 2019 年期间，轮状病毒相关肠胃炎在刚果民主共和国 5 岁以下儿童中构成了重大负担，这些儿童在哨点接受治疗。G1P[8]是最常见的鉴定基因型。轮状病毒疫苗推出后，继续监测将是监测流行病学任何变化的关键。
