Firman Chloe, Batterham Rachel L
Department of Medicine, Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK.
National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2022 Sep;81(3):217-226. doi: 10.1017/S0029665122002695. Epub 2022 Sep 7.
Obesity, excess adipose tissue accumulation that may impair health, is a major global healthcare challenge that increases the risk of several life-limiting diseases, reduces quality of life and leads to premature mortality. Weight loss improves or leads to the resolution of obesity-related diseases. Lifestyle interventions are the cornerstone for all weight management programmes and lead to health benefits. However, for the majority of people with severe obesity, lifestyle interventions and currently available anti-obesity medications lead to insufficient weight loss to improve their health. For these patients the only effective treatment option is bariatric surgery, which whilst highly effective, is difficult to access and not suitable for everyone, leaving a 'treatment gap' between lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery. Unfortunately, the history of development of drugs to treat obesity has been marred by poor efficacy and safety issues. This is now set to change as a result of scientific advancements, which have increased the understanding of the role that gut hormones play in regulating energy and glucose homoeostasis. This has led to the development of effective, safe drugs based on gut hormones that target the body's own appetite regulating systems that herald a new era of treatments for people living with obesity.
肥胖是指脂肪组织过度堆积，可能损害健康，是一项重大的全球医疗挑战，会增加多种危及生命疾病的风险，降低生活质量并导致过早死亡。体重减轻可改善或治愈与肥胖相关的疾病。生活方式干预是所有体重管理计划的基石，并能带来健康益处。然而，对于大多数重度肥胖者而言，生活方式干预和目前可用的抗肥胖药物导致的体重减轻不足以改善他们的健康状况。对于这些患者，唯一有效的治疗选择是减肥手术，尽管减肥手术非常有效，但难以获得且并非适用于所有人，这在生活方式干预和减肥手术之间留下了一个“治疗空白”。不幸的是，治疗肥胖药物的发展历程一直受到疗效不佳和安全问题的影响。现在，由于科学进步，这种情况将发生改变，这些进步增进了人们对肠道激素在调节能量和葡萄糖稳态中所起作用的理解。这促使基于肠道激素开发出有效、安全的药物，这些药物靶向人体自身的食欲调节系统，开创了肥胖症患者治疗的新纪元。
