Hasan Ikram, Guo Bing, Zhang Jian, Chang Chunqi
School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
School of Science and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2024 May;40(13-15):863-888. doi: 10.1089/ars.2022.0107. Epub 2023 Feb 23.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules in the regulation of numerous physiological activities including the formation and function of the central nervous system (CNS). So far, many functional antioxidant nanomedicines with ROS scavenging capability to reduce oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been developed for both imaging and therapy of AD. This review focuses on the most recent advances in antioxidant nanomedicines such as ROS-scavenging nanoparticles (NPs), NPs with intrinsic antioxidant activity, and drug-loaded antioxidant NPs for AD theranostics. In addition to antioxidant nanomedicines, the emerging phototherapy treatment paradigms and the promising preclinic drug carriers, such as exosomes and liposomes, are also introduced. In general, excessive generation of ROS can cause lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA, as well as protein damage, aggravating pathogenic alterations, accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. These negative factors further cause cell death, which is the beginning of AD. We anticipate that this review will help researchers in the area of preclinical research and clinical translation of antioxidant nanomedicines for AD imaging and therapy.
活性氧（ROS）是调节众多生理活动（包括中枢神经系统（CNS）的形成和功能）中的关键信号分子。到目前为止，已经开发出许多具有ROS清除能力以降低阿尔茨海默病（AD）氧化应激的功能性抗氧化纳米药物，用于AD的成像和治疗。本综述重点关注抗氧化纳米药物的最新进展，如ROS清除纳米颗粒（NPs）、具有内在抗氧化活性的NPs以及用于AD诊疗的载药抗氧化NPs。除了抗氧化纳米药物外，还介绍了新兴的光疗治疗模式以及有前景的临床前药物载体，如外泌体和脂质体。一般来说，ROS的过度产生会导致脂质过氧化、氧化性DNA损伤以及蛋白质损伤，加重致病性改变、淀粉样β斑块的积累和大脑中的神经原纤维缠结。这些负面因素进一步导致细胞死亡，这是AD的开端。我们预计，本综述将有助于抗氧化纳米药物用于AD成像和治疗的临床前研究和临床转化领域的研究人员。
