To explore the perioperative nursing methods and clinical effects of vitrectomy under ophthalmoscope in the treatment of severe ocular rupture, this study reviews the clinical effects of vitrectomy in the treatment of severe ocular trauma in China, analyzes the perioperative nursing of vitrectomy for ocular trauma under the guidance of an ophthalmoscope, and analyzes the importance of stage I debridement and suture, the choice of operation time, and the advantages of vitrectomy and perioperative nursing care. The retrospective analysis of these data shows that the clinical effect of peri-vitrectomy for ocular trauma under the guidance of an ophthalmoscope is accurate, and surgical treatment should be carried out as soon as possible according to the patient's condition, which can reduce the complications of suppurative ophthalmitis, eyeball atrophy, and vitreous rebleeding. Perioperative nursing intervention is beneficial to the recovery of visual acuity in patients with severe ocular rupture treated by vitrectomy under the ophthalmoscope, which is worthy of clinical promotion.