Consultant Oral Surgeon, Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Specialty dentist in Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Prim Dent J. 2022 Sep;11(3):118-125. doi: 10.1177/20501684221112513.
The presentation of patients with symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is a common finding in general dental practice. The management of patients with TMDs is often complicated by its multifactorial aetiology. This paper aims to provide a guide for dental practitioners to the clinical examination, diagnosis, and recognition of red flags in relation to TMDs and inform the busy practitioner when to refer patients presenting with TMDs for specialist/secondary care management.
在一般牙科实践中，常可发现出现与颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）相关症状的患者。TMD 的多因素病因使其管理变得复杂。本文旨在为牙科从业者提供 TMD 临床检查、诊断和识别警示征象的指南，并告知忙碌的从业者在何时将出现 TMD 的患者转介至专科/二级护理管理。
