Lammers Alexander, Nazipi Seven, Zweers Hans, Bilde Trine, Schramm Andreas, Garbeva Paolina, Lalk Michael
Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
The Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) Department Microbial Ecology Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2022 Oct 14;369(1). doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnac088.
Microbes produce and respond to a range of structurally and functionally diverse volatiles. Many microbial volatiles have antimicrobial properties. Since volatiles can diffuse through complex 3D systems like spider nests, they are promising pathogen protection for social arthropods. Here, we analyzed the volatilomes of five nest microbiome members of the Namibian, social spider Stegodyphus dumicola, namely the bacteria Massilia sp. IC2-278, Massilia sp. IC2-477, Sphingomonas sp. IC-11, Streptomyces sp. IC-207, and the fungus Aureobasidium sp. CE_32, and tested their antimicrobial activity against two putative spider pathogens, namely Bacillus thuringiensis and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Most nest microbiome members released volatilomes with antibacterial and/or antifungal activities under in vitro conditions. The analysis of their volatilomes using GC/Q-TOF revealed that they include numerous antimicrobial volatiles. We tested the antimicrobial activity of five pure volatile compounds found in the volatilomes and revealed that all of them were antibacterial and/or antifungal. We could not identify the same antimicrobial volatiles as in a previous in situ study, but our results indicate that social spider-associated microorganisms as a source of antimicrobial volatiles are important for pathogen inhibition. Additionally, we showed the influence of the volatilomes on the antibiotic sensitivity of B. thuringiensis offering novel approaches to counter antibiotic resistance.
微生物产生并对一系列结构和功能多样的挥发性物质作出反应。许多微生物挥发性物质具有抗菌特性。由于挥发性物质能够扩散通过诸如蜘蛛巢穴这样的复杂三维系统，它们有望为群居节肢动物提供病原体防护。在此，我们分析了纳米比亚群居蜘蛛斯氏螯蜂蛛（Stegodyphus dumicola）的五个巢穴微生物群落成员的挥发物组，即马赛菌属（Massilia sp.）IC2 - 278、马赛菌属IC2 - 477、鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas sp.）IC - 11、链霉菌属（Streptomyces sp.）IC - 207以及真菌 Aureobasidium sp. CE_32，并测试了它们对两种假定的蜘蛛病原体苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）和淡紫拟青霉（Purpureocillium lilacinum）的抗菌活性。大多数巢穴微生物群落成员在体外条件下释放出具有抗菌和/或抗真菌活性的挥发物组。使用气相色谱/四极杆飞行时间质谱联用仪（GC/Q - TOF）对它们的挥发物组进行分析表明，其中包含众多抗菌挥发性物质。我们测试了在挥发物组中发现的五种纯挥发性化合物的抗菌活性，结果显示它们均具有抗菌和/或抗真菌作用。我们未能鉴定出与之前原位研究中相同的抗菌挥发性物质，但我们的结果表明，与群居蜘蛛相关的微生物作为抗菌挥发性物质的来源对于抑制病原体很重要。此外，我们展示了挥发物组对苏云金芽孢杆菌抗生素敏感性的影响，为应对抗生素耐药性提供了新方法。
