R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India.
Division of Environmental Monitoring and Exposure Assessment (Water & Soil), ICMR - National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
Water Environ Res. 2022 Sep;94(9):e10783. doi: 10.1002/wer.10783.
Increasing generation of wastewater and its indiscriminate disposal is detrimental to human and animal health. Resource-limited settings often struggle for efficient wastewater treatment systems owing to lack of funds and operational difficulties. Therefore, alternative treatment systems involving low expenditure and simplistic operations are need of the hour. Constructed wetlands are one such alternative that can efficiently remove variety of pollutants from wastewater. In this study, we have assessed the utility of constructed wetlands for treatment of hospital wastewater in Ujjain. An in-house wetland system was designed and constructed using Typha latifolia and Phragmites karka. Results showed that wetland was efficient for removal of various physico-chemical and biological contaminants, namely, biochemical-oxygen-demand (77.1%), chemical-oxygen-demand (64.9%), turbidity (68.3%), suspended-solids (63%), total-phosphorus (58.7%), nitrate-nitrogen (33%), fecal coliforms (96.8%), and total coliforms (95.6%). Paired t test revealed that removal efficiencies for various parameters were significantly different among Phragmites, Typha, and control cells (p ≤ 0.05). Study also depicted that most of the bacterial isolates in inlet wastewater were selectively resistant to antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and sulphamethaxazole) as well and these isolates were also removed. Precisely, Typha was fairly suitable for antibiotic resistant bacteria removal. Thus, constructed wetlands were found to be one of the suitable options for wastewater treatment in resource-limited settings. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Constructed wetlands are one of the suitable options for wastewater treatment in resource limited settings. These systems involve wetland vegetation, soil, and associated microbial assemblages to improve the water quality. Typha and Phragmites were found to be efficient for treating the hospital wastewater. Experiments showed that antibiotic resistant bacteria may also be removed through constructed wetland systems. Easy operation, cost effectiveness, and efficiency are important attributes.
不断增加的废水产生量及其任意排放对人类和动物健康有害。由于缺乏资金和运营困难，资源有限的地区往往难以建立高效的废水处理系统。因此，需要一种替代处理系统，这种系统需要花费低、操作简单。人工湿地就是这样一种替代方法，它可以有效地从废水中去除多种污染物。在这项研究中，我们评估了人工湿地在处理乌贾因医院废水方面的应用。我们设计并构建了一个内部湿地系统，使用了香蒲和芦苇。结果表明，湿地对各种物理化学和生物污染物的去除效果显著，生化需氧量（BOD）去除率为 77.1%，化学需氧量（COD）去除率为 64.9%，浊度去除率为 68.3%，悬浮物去除率为 63%，总磷（TP）去除率为 58.7%，硝酸盐氮（NO3-N）去除率为 33%，粪大肠菌群去除率为 96.8%，总大肠菌群去除率为 95.6%。配对 t 检验表明，各种参数的去除效率在芦苇、香蒲和对照组之间差异显著（p≤0.05）。研究还表明，进水废水中的大多数细菌分离物对抗生素（环丙沙星和磺胺甲恶唑）也具有选择性耐药性，这些分离物也被去除了。确切地说，香蒲对抗生素耐药菌的去除效果较好。因此，人工湿地被认为是资源有限地区废水处理的一种合适选择。
人工湿地是资源有限地区废水处理的一种合适选择。这些系统涉及湿地植被、土壤和相关微生物群落，以改善水质。香蒲和芦苇被发现对处理医院废水有效。实验表明，抗生素耐药菌也可以通过人工湿地系统去除。易于操作、成本效益高和效率高是重要的属性。
