Álvarez J A, Ávila C, Otter P, Kilian R, Istenič D, Rolletschek M, Molle P, Khalil N, Ameršek I, Mishra V K, Jorgensen C, Garfi A, Carvalho P, Brix H, Arias C A
AIMEN, C/. Relva, 27 A - Torneiros, Porriño - Pontevedra 36410, Spain E-mail:
Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript.
Water Sci Technol. 2017 Sep;76(5-6):1474-1489. doi: 10.2166/wst.2017.329.
SWINGS was a cooperation project between the European Union and India, aiming at implementing state of the art low-cost technologies for the treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater in rural areas of India. The largest wastewater treatment plant consists of a high-rate anaerobic system, followed by vertical and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with a treatment area of around 1,900 m and a final step consisting of solar-driven anodic oxidation (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection units allowing direct reuse of the treated water. The implementation and operation of two pilot plants in north (Aligarh Muslim University, AMU) and central India (Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, IGNTU) are shown in this study. The overall performance of AMU pilot plant during the first 7 months of operation showed organic matter removal efficiencies of 87% total suspended solids, 95% 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD) and 90% chemical oxygen demand, while Kjeldahl nitrogen removal reached 89%. The UV disinfection unit produces water for irrigation and toilet flushing with pathogenic indicator bacteria well below WHO guidelines. On the other hand, the AO disinfection unit implemented at IGNTU and operated for almost a year has been shown to produce an effluent of sufficient quality to be reused by the local population for agriculture and irrigation.
SWINGS是欧盟与印度之间的一个合作项目，旨在为印度农村地区的生活污水处理及回用应用最先进的低成本技术。最大的污水处理厂包括一个高速厌氧系统，随后是垂直和水平潜流人工湿地，处理面积约为1900平方米，最后一步是由太阳能驱动的阳极氧化（AO）和紫外线（UV）消毒装置，使处理后的水能够直接回用。本研究展示了印度北部（阿里加尔穆斯林大学，AMU）和中部（英迪拉·甘地国家部落大学，IGNTU）两个试点工厂的实施和运行情况。AMU试点工厂在运行的前7个月的整体性能显示，总悬浮固体的有机物去除效率为87%，五日生化需氧量（BOD）为95%，化学需氧量为90%，而凯氏氮去除率达到89%。紫外线消毒装置产生的用于灌溉和冲厕的水中，致病指示菌远低于世界卫生组织的指导标准。另一方面，在IGNTU实施并运行了近一年的AO消毒装置已被证明能够产生质量足够好的出水，可供当地居民用于农业和灌溉回用。
