State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(7):2016-2031. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119934. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
Hyperuricemia is closely linked with an increased risk of developing hypertension, diabetes, renal failure and other metabolic syndromes. Probiotics, bioactive compounds and dietary patterns are safe cost-efficient ways to control hyperuricemia, whereas comprehensive reviews of their anti-hyperuricemic mechanisms are limited. This review summarizes the roles of probiotics, bioactive compounds and dietary patterns in treating hyperuricemia and critically reviews the possible mechanisms by which these interventions exert their activities. The dietary patterns are closely related to the occurrence of hyperuricemia through the indirect action of gut microbiota or the direct effects of host purine metabolism. The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diets help reduce serum uric acid concentrations and thus prevent hyperuricemia. Meanwhile, probiotics alleviate hyperuricemia by ways of absorbing purine, restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis and inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, peptides and alkaloids exert various anti-hyperuricemic effects, by regulating urate transporters, blocking the active sites of XO and inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway and NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 signaling pathway. This review will assist people with hyperuricemia to adopt a healthy diet and contribute to the application of natural products with anti-hyperuricemic activity.
高尿酸血症与高血压、糖尿病、肾衰竭和其他代谢综合征的风险增加密切相关。益生菌、生物活性化合物和饮食模式是控制高尿酸血症的安全且具有成本效益的方法，而对其抗高尿酸血症机制的综合评价有限。本综述总结了益生菌、生物活性化合物和饮食模式在治疗高尿酸血症中的作用，并批判性地评价了这些干预措施发挥作用的可能机制。饮食模式通过肠道微生物群的间接作用或宿主嘌呤代谢的直接作用与高尿酸血症的发生密切相关。地中海饮食和高血压饮食治疗方法有助于降低血清尿酸浓度，从而预防高尿酸血症。同时，益生菌通过吸收嘌呤、恢复肠道微生物群失调和抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶（XO）活性来缓解高尿酸血症。多酚、肽和生物碱等生物活性化合物通过调节尿酸转运蛋白、阻断 XO 的活性位点以及抑制 Toll 样受体 4/核因子 kappa B 信号通路和 NOD、LRR 和 pyrin 结构域蛋白 3 信号通路，发挥各种抗高尿酸血症作用。本综述将帮助高尿酸血症患者采用健康饮食，并有助于应用具有抗高尿酸血症活性的天然产物。
