[Hip arthroplasty in the Brazilian Unified National Health System: analysis of hospital deaths in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

Population aging brings challenges to the health system. Increased degenerative joint diseases and occurrence of falls may require hip arthroplasties. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with hospital deaths due to hip arthroplasties in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the Brazilian Hospital Information System of the SUS, considering hospitalizations and deaths from hip arthroplasties that occurred between 2016 to 2018. The analyses considered hospitalizations by type of care (elective, urgency and accidents or injury and poisoning). Binary logistic regression was performed to obtain a ratio for the chance of death. Mortality increased according to the severity of hospitalization. Most of the hospitalizations with death were due to femoral fracture, demanded intensive care, had mean length of stay of 21.5 days, and involved women aged 80 years and over, of the white race/color, who had their procedure performed in municipal units qualified in orthopedics and traumatology of high complexity and classified as general II, located in the patients' region of residence. The chance of death was significant for the age of the patient, use of intensive care unit (ICU), and length of hospital stay. We expect an increase in the demand for hip arthroplasties and physical rehabilitation due to population aging. Health teams must be prepared to deal with an ageing population. Knowing the factors that increase the risk of death favors care planning and management by hospital staff, including in the reduction of hospital stay, which is so impactful on the functional condition of the elderly.