Doty R L, Reyes P F, Gregor T
Brain Res Bull. 1987 May;18(5):597-600. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(87)90129-8.
Recent studies of Alzheimer's disease patients have demonstrated (a) marked structural and biochemical alterations in brain regions associated with olfactory function (including the olfactory bulb and entorhinal cortex) and (b) decrements in the ability to identify odorants. In light of such findings, we administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and a forced-choice phenyl ethyl alcohol odor detection threshold test to a relatively large number of patients diagnosed, on the basis of stringent criteria, as having mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease. Compared to age-, gender-, and race-matched normal controls, these individuals evidenced consistent and marked decrements on both types of olfactory tests (ps less than 0.001). Surprisingly few of the patients were aware of their disorder, despite its appearance early in the disease process. These findings indicate that both odor identification and odor detection problems are present in dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and raise the possibility that the odor identification problem may be secondary to the odor detection problem.
（a）与嗅觉功能相关的脑区（包括嗅球和内嗅皮质）存在明显的结构和生化改变；（b）识别气味的能力下降。鉴于这些发现，我们对大量根据严格标准被诊断为患有轻度至中度重度阿尔茨海默病的患者进行了宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试（UPSIT）和强制选择苯乙醇气味检测阈值测试。与年龄、性别和种族匹配的正常对照组相比，这些患者在两种嗅觉测试中均表现出持续且明显的下降（p值小于0.001）。令人惊讶的是，尽管嗅觉障碍在疾病过程早期就已出现，但很少有患者意识到自己的病情。这些发现表明，阿尔茨海默型痴呆患者存在气味识别和气味检测问题，并增加了气味识别问题可能继发于气味检测问题的可能性。
