Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dublin, OH, USA.
Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2023 Jun;36(3):763-771. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13089. Epub 2022 Sep 26.
Anaemia during pregnancy is associated with premature births, low birth weight and increased susceptibility to infection. Almost one-quarter (24.34%) of Ethiopian pregnant women suffer from anaemia. Nutritional counselling during antenatal care (ANC) visits may encourage pregnant women to take a more iron-rich diet and prevent anaemia. The present study examines the association between nutritional counselling during ANC and anaemia among Ethiopian women.
This cross-sectional study uses the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data (n = 4, 384). The outcome of interest was anaemia, measured objectively by blood haemoglobin level. The main independent variable was the receipt of nutritional counselling during ANC visits. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.).
Overall, 25.8% of the participants were anaemic and 65.7% received nutritional counselling during ANC visits. Compared with women who received nutritional counselling during ANC visits, a significantly higher proportion of women who did not receive nutritional counselling were anaemic (23.1% vs. 30.8%; p < 0.001). In the multivariable model, compared with women who received nutritional counselling during their ANC visits, the odds of being anaemic were higher among women who did not receive nutritional counselling during their ANC visits adjusted odds ratio = 1.34 (95% confidence interval = 1.07-1.67; p = 0.010).
In a representative sample of Ethiopian women, exposure to nutritional counselling during ANC visits is associated with a lower likelihood of anaemia, independent of potential confounders. Focused ANC counselling that includes nutritional counselling programs during ANC visits can be an effective strategy to prevent and control anaemia.
怀孕期间贫血与早产、低出生体重和增加感染易感性有关。几乎四分之一（24.34%）的埃塞俄比亚孕妇患有贫血。在产前保健（ANC）就诊期间进行营养咨询可能会鼓励孕妇摄入更富含铁的饮食，从而预防贫血。本研究调查了 ANC 期间营养咨询与埃塞俄比亚妇女贫血之间的关联。
本横断面研究使用了 2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）数据（n=4384）。感兴趣的结果是贫血，通过血液血红蛋白水平客观测量。主要的独立变量是 ANC 就诊期间接受营养咨询。使用 SAS 版本 9.4（SAS 研究所）进行单变量、双变量和多变量分析。
总体而言，25.8%的参与者贫血，65.7%的参与者在 ANC 就诊期间接受营养咨询。与在 ANC 就诊期间接受营养咨询的女性相比，未接受营养咨询的女性贫血比例明显更高（23.1%比 30.8%；p<0.001）。在多变量模型中，与在 ANC 就诊期间接受营养咨询的女性相比，未在 ANC 就诊期间接受营养咨询的女性贫血的可能性更高，调整后的优势比为 1.34（95%置信区间为 1.07-1.67；p=0.010）。
在代表埃塞俄比亚女性的样本中，ANC 就诊期间接受营养咨询与贫血的可能性降低相关，独立于潜在的混杂因素。在 ANC 就诊期间重点进行 ANC 咨询，包括营养咨询方案，可能是预防和控制贫血的有效策略。
