Derbo Zeritu Dewana, Debelew Gurmesa Tura
Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch Health Science College, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Int J Womens Health. 2023 Jul 19;15:1125-1137. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S412241. eCollection 2023.
Anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy, significantly impacts maternal health, fetal growth, and development. Moringa leaf is an iron-rich food that can overcome anemia, but there is a lack of evidence on the association between fresh moringa leaf consumption and maternal hemoglobin level during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to test the effect of fresh moringa leaf consumption during pregnancy on maternal hemoglobin levels in southern Ethiopia.
A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2022 among 230 fresh moringa leaf consumers and 230 non-consumers pregnant women. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and hemoglobin level was determined by HemoCue Hb 301. Multivariate multilevel linear regression models were fitted using Statistical Software for Data Science (STATA) version 14.
The overall mean hemoglobin level among pregnant women was 11.76 g/dl ± 1.47 [12.06 g/dl ± 1.22 among fresh moringa leaf consumers and 11.45 g/dl ± 1.64 among non-consumers] with a significant coefficient of association (β) of 0.90 g/dl [β = 0.90 g/dl, 95% CI: 0.54, 1.27]. A number of under-five children, bleeding during the current pregnancy, male-headed household, and current antenatal care visit were the individual-level factors. Distance from the nearest health facility and urban dweller was identified as the community-level factor associated with maternal hemoglobin level during pregnancy.
This study showed that the consumption of fresh moringa leaf during pregnancy increases the level of hemoglobin. So policymakers and maternal and child health program managers need to target moringa tree scale-up and encourage fresh moringa leaf consumption during pregnancy, but its use needs additional rigorous clinical trials. In addition to this, mark the above factors in their efforts to increase maternal hemoglobin levels during pregnancy.
贫血，尤其是孕期缺铁性贫血，会对孕产妇健康、胎儿生长和发育产生重大影响。辣木叶是一种富含铁的食物，可改善贫血状况，但缺乏关于孕期食用新鲜辣木叶与孕产妇血红蛋白水平之间关联的证据。本研究的目的是测试埃塞俄比亚南部孕期食用新鲜辣木叶对孕产妇血红蛋白水平的影响。
2022年5月至6月，对230名食用新鲜辣木叶的孕妇和230名不食用新鲜辣木叶的孕妇进行了一项基于社区的比较横断面研究。使用访谈员管理的结构化问卷收集数据，血红蛋白水平通过HemoCue Hb 301测定。使用数据科学统计软件（STATA）14版拟合多变量多层次线性回归模型。
孕妇的总体平均血红蛋白水平为11.76 g/dl±1.47 [食用新鲜辣木叶的孕妇为12.06 g/dl±1.22，不食用新鲜辣木叶的孕妇为11.45 g/dl±1.64]，关联系数（β）为0.90 g/dl [β = 0.90 g/dl，95% CI：0.54，1.27]。五岁以下儿童数量、本次孕期出血情况、男性为户主的家庭以及当前的产前检查是个体层面的因素。与最近医疗机构的距离和城市居民身份被确定为与孕期孕产妇血红蛋白水平相关的社区层面因素。
本研究表明，孕期食用新鲜辣木叶可提高血红蛋白水平。因此，政策制定者以及孕产妇和儿童健康项目管理者需要致力于扩大辣木种植规模，并鼓励孕期食用新鲜辣木叶，但其使用还需要更多严格的临床试验。除此之外，在努力提高孕期孕产妇血红蛋白水平时应关注上述因素。
