Regulatory Network of Serine/Arginine-Rich (SR) Proteins: The Molecular Mechanism and Physiological Function in Plants.

Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are a type of splicing factor. They play significant roles in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, and are involved in post-splicing activities, such as mRNA nuclear export, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, mRNA translation, and miRNA biogenesis. In plants, SR proteins function under a complex regulatory network by protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions between SR proteins, other splicing factors, other proteins, or even RNAs. The regulatory networks of SR proteins are complex-they are regulated by the SR proteins themselves, they are phosphorylated and dephosphorylated through interactions with kinase, and they participate in signal transduction pathways, whereby signaling cascades can link the splicing machinery to the exterior environment. In a complex network, SR proteins are involved in plant growth and development, signal transduction, responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, and metabolism. Here, I review the current status of research on plant SR proteins, construct a model of SR proteins function, and ask many questions about SR proteins in plants.